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The Epidemiological Transition Model - Coggle Diagram
The Epidemiological
Transition Model
Epidemiology
D: branch of medical science concerned
with incidence, distribution + control
of diseases that affect large no. of people
Epidemiological
Transition
D: change in cause of death
as a country develops
from
infectious
(low develop.)
to
degenerative
(high develop.)
exogenic to endogenic diseases
LEDCs
infectious
diseases of poverty
young at risk
exogenic
examples -
AIDS, cholera, diarrhoea,
malaria, measles, polio
MEDCs
degenerative
diseases of affluence
elderly at risk
endogenic
examples -
cancer, cardiovascular diseases,
obesity, type 2 diabetes,
Alzheimer's, dementia
created by Abdel Omran
in 1971
Age of Pestilence
and Famine
Stage 1
prehistory to 1750s when
standard of living was low
period of war, famine, epidemics
and unsanitary conditions
epidemic infections
- tuberculosis
parasitic conditions
-
plague/cholera/small pox
famine + severe malnutrition
- food
poor in quality + short in supply
Results
life expectancy
low - 20-40yrs
more infants + women
dying than men
more complications with
pregnancy + childbirth
no healthcare + healing
based on witchcraft
examples -
Sierra Leone (Africa) +
Bangladesh (Asia) still at this stage
unable to cope with epidemic outbreaks
as no knowledge of how to control spread
Age of Receding
Pandemic
Stage 2
began 200 yrs ago with
Industrial Revolution
involved reduction in prevalence
of infectious diseases + fall in
mortality rates
CDR + IMR decreased
life expectancy increased
increase in economic growth
resulted in:
decline malnutrition
improvement medical care
better hygiene + sanitation
(clean water/increased food safety
like refrigeration + pasteurization)
improvements in healthcare
immunisation programmes
introduction of antibiotics
results in:
elimination of infectious
(polio, small pox)
rise in allergies, asthma,
autoimmune disorders, STDs
examples -
Mexico and Brazil
Age of Degenerative
and Man Made Disease
Stage 3
life expectancy
increased
infectious diseases
very rare to extinct
increased consumption of
rich/high fat foods:
metabolic diseases
obesity
cardiovascular etc
Healthcare systems orientated
to
preventative care
Elderly, affluent populations
cause:
heart disease
strokes
cancer
mental illnesses
addictions
example -
UK