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epistaxis - Coggle Diagram
epistaxis
nursing carepln
nursing intervention
- position the patient in a comfortable position sitting upright leaning forward to help reduce pressure to the blood vessels
- pinch the nose to reduce bleeding
humidify the air breathed by the patient
- administer medication such as nasal decongestants to stop bleeding
- apply ice packs on the nose and cheeks
- encourage the patient to eat food rich in potassium and vitamins and to also avoid caffeins
- health educate the patient on what to do when he or she is having another episode
expected outcomes
- bleeding to stop
- patient to be oriantated
- patient not feeling dizzy
nursing diagnosis
- risk to hypovolemia due to bleeding from the vessel
- altered mental status related to confusion
- risk to falls and injuries manifested by dizziness and fainting
problem
- bleeding
- dizziness
- confusion
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pathophysiology
Nosebleeding occurs due to tears in the mucosal lining and the many small blood vessels it contains. Fragility or injury may cause the tears, while inflammation, coagulation problems and other disorders may make the injury more difficult to repair. In some patients, rupture of nasal blood vessels is spontaneous
causes
Trauma i.e. blowing nose too aggressively, a knock on the nose or anything that causes vessels to rupture
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Inflammatory reaction due to allergies or infections e.g. sinusitis, rhinitis, respiratory tract infections
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diagnosis
Using a nasal speculum to visualize inside of the nose for ruptured blood vessels and to check for the presence of any foreign objects.
Imaging tests: CT scan or X-ray of the nose may be taken to assess damage to the nose if an accident or injury has occurred.
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