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Aims and results of policies, Aims and impaczs of domestic policies -…
Aims and results of policies
Aims and impaczs of domestic policies
Economic policies
Communist direction ; cheGuevara
Policy
favored a centrally planned economy – emphasis on moral incentives and self-sacrifice (work for ideas and values of the revolution, not personal gain)
rENTS REDUCED BY 50% IN 1958
1962 ..> Changed national currency ..> any saving one had in a bank were lonst overnight
Agrarian Law 1963 --> reduction of amount of land that one could own. --> preventing wealthy peasnatry
After 1963..> state owned 70% of land
Consequences
Obstavcles in Cubas economic pland in increasing productivity
Lack of specialized labour that left the country
Moral incentives not efficient --> low productivity and quality
Industrialization program
Machinery from the soviet union
INcrease its debt
To reduce its debt it returned to intensive sugar production as they were trapped in trade relations of subsidized sugar in exchange for goods
Revolutionary offensive
Policy
Work was a social duty rather than a personal gain
Expropriation of privately owned enterprises and were to be managed by the state.
Consequences
Non improvement in productivity
Increased administrative chaos as the number of government agencies needed to organize the different fields of production and sales grew exponentially.
The year of ten million 1070
Policy
Aimed to break the record of sugar production by reaching a 10mil ton output in order to pay off soviet debt and by selling surplus sugar to make investments to achieve economic diversification
Became a battle for the Cuban pride, and show those skeptical of the revolution that it is possible and establish Castro’s political power
‘militarization of labor’ everyone worked together as ‘volunteers’
Armed forces occupied sugar mills
To motivate people theatres and bars, Christmas and New Years were cancelled
Consequence
Harvest reached 8.5 mil tons
Agricultural machines over used
Agriculture production of other crops had suffered; forestry and fishing seen losses
Exhausted Cubans and made them skeptical
Oversee soldiers felt as their status was diminished as they had to watch people cut cane
Political blow for Castro – had to accept dependency on Soviet Union, and abandon Guevara’s ideas
Farmer’s markets were reinstated, state owned companies were given autonomy, material incentives were introduced (overtime pay), Cuba suffered the same economic problems
Political policies
1976 constitution
Fidel castron became head of the state, gov... comander in chief of the armed forces
Cultural policies
Social policies
edUCATION
The litteracy campaigns in 1961 "Year of education"
Policy
Military Barracks were turned into educational complexes, new schools built in rural areas to solve the shortage of buildings
Implementation of training programs for 271000 teachers
Consequences
by 1962, illiteracy driopped to 4%
INcreased by hopes in the revoltution
Volunteers emerged from the experience transformed as many of them were middle-class literate youth who familiarized themselves with the hardships of the poor; acted in service and self-sacrifice
Peasantry started supporting the revolution as they learned what it could do for them
Impact on schoold , teachers and student
Private school were nationalized, boarding schools opened, large scholarships for gifted students established
New teachers came to replace those who did not support the revolution, and then realized the students were acted as spies
New textbooks were adopted, and teaching focused on the revolution and the lives of the heroes
Libraries were purged of what was considered to be inappropriate material
Health
Policy:
The government enlisted 750 physicians and medical students to work in the mountains and coastal communities where there was little or no access to medical services.
Rural Medical Service
'provide disease prevention and to revitalize health services for those most in need, whether because they are poor, in precarious health or live far from urban centres
Another key feature of the Cuban health system has been the multi-specialty polyclinics which were established in the 1970s.
Consequences
the infant mortality rate dropped from 60 / thousand in 1958 to 13.3 in the mid 80s
Life expectancy rose from 57 to 74.
Religion
Castro nationalized schools thus removing all religious influence. Castro meanwhile viewed Catholicism as representing foreign interests and would not allow bishops to get involved in political or social commentary
The 1976 constitution made it clear that: It is illegal and punishable by law to oppose one’s faith or religious belief to the Revolution, to education or to the fulfillment of the duty to work, defend the country with arms, show reverence for its symbols and fulfill other duties established by the Constitution
This situation changed and in 1998 the Pope, John Paul II visited Cuba; the constitution was amended, and people allowed to join the Catholic church