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Genetic Toxicology - Coggle Diagram
Genetic Toxicology
Definition
Genetic Toxicology
Studies the damage or changes to DNA
Genotoxicity
Direct or Indirect DNA Damage
Mutation
Fixed DNA lesion that can't be repaired
Because change is permanent and present in both DNA strands
2 general types
Endogenous
By product of normal cellular metabolism
Example
Inflammation
Def
Originating Inside
Exogenous
Def
Originating Outside
Examples
Industrial Chem
Drugs
Food Contaminants
Mutagen
Compound that cause DNA damage
Clastrogen
cmpd that cause struc chromosomal abnormalities
Aneugens
Cmpds that cause numerical chromosomal abnormalities
Mutations and Chemical Effects
Hazards of mutations
Germ cells
Present in egg/sperm
Can be inherited
Cause cancer family syndrome
Mutation in egg or sperm of Parent
Heritable
All cells affected in offspring
Somatic Cells
Cannot be inherited
Occur in nongermline tissues
For example
Mutation-> tumor in breast
Mechanism of Point Mutations
Base Pair
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
Insertion & Deletion
Chromosome Mutations
Clastrogens
Structual
Aneugens
Numerical
Polyploidy
Extra set chromosomes
Aneuploidy
Extra or missing chromosome
DNA
Role repair
4 types of DNA repair
Nucleotide Excision Repair
Interstrand Crosslink Repair
Base Excision Repair
Homologous Recombination
Modifications -> mutations
Bulky base changes
Interstrand Crosslinks
Small Base changes
Double-strand breaks
How test for genotoxicity
Mutagen Detection
2 types
In Vitro
Ames Test
Mammilian gene mutation Test
Chromosome aberrations test (CAT)
In Vivo
Chromosome aberration test
Micronucleus test
No single test can detect all mutagenic effects