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THE US - Coggle Diagram

- - - - fertile area in the east
      - The Northern Forests
        
        in the upper Great Lakes area
        
        extend through much of central Canada & Alaska
        
        include much of northeastern Minnesota, Wiscosin & Michigan
        
        abundant rivers & lakes
        
        economy relies on the export via shipping routes of the Great Lake
      - The Heartland
        
        synonym for the Midwestern US
        
        to the south of the Northern Forests
        
        mostly level with some gently-rolling hills
        
        the largest population & most economic output
        
        most extensive area of highly productive farmland
        
        the industrial core
        
        Chicago
        
        3rd largest city
        
        one of the country's leading industrial, commercial, transportation, and financial centers
        
        one of the tallest buidings: Sears Tower - 110 stories high
      - The Inland South
        
        a transition zone between the Southeastern coast & the Heartland
        
        rolling plains & hills
        
        major economy: agriculture
        
        major urban centre: Atlantia, Georgia
      - The Great Lakes
        
        a group of 5 large freshwater lakes
        
        form the largest continuous freshwater body in the world
        
        hold about 20% of the world's freshwater surface
        
        West to East
        
        Lake Superior
        
        largest freshwater lake in the world
        
        highest above sea level, the farthest, coldest
        
        Lake Michigan
        
        only lies entirely within the US
        
        separated lake Huron by the Straits of Mackinac
        
        deeper than lake Huron
        
        Lake Huron
        
        larger than lake Michigan
        
        Lake Erie
        
        The Detroit River connects it with Lake Saint Clair
        
        empties into Niagara River
        
        Lake Ontario
        
        smallest lake
        
        bordered by the Canadian province of Ontario & 8 U.S states
        
        a natural resource of tremendous significance
        
        Niagara Falls
        
        between Lake Erie & Lake Ontario
        
        a tourist attraction
        
        consists of 2 separate waterfalls
        
        American Falls
        
        Canadian Falls
      - Mississippi River
        
        means: big water
        
        the largest & most important river
        
        comprises the Mississippi Rier & its tributaries
        
        the longest: the Missouri river
        
        the largest drainage system in the U.S & the 3rd largest in the world
        
        has many nicknames
        
        plays central role in the exploration & economic development
        
        "the major artery"
        
        run through 10 borders
        
        then empties into the Gulf of Mexico
    - - treeless plateau in the west
      - gently rise from the central lowlands to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains
      - stretch from Canada to Mexico
      - features productive grain & livestock farms & extensive petroleum & coal deposits
      - landscape: flat to gently loping land
      - several interesting geograhical features
        
        the Hill County of Central Texas
        
        the deep cut Palo Duro Canyon of the Texas Panhandle
        
        the Flint Hills of Kansas
        
        the Nebraska Sand Hills
        
        the Black Hills of South Dakota & Wyoming
        
        the Badlands of the Dakotas & Nebraska
      - extensive farming & ranching
      - Denver, Colorado is the largest city of this region
      - Mount Rushmore National Memorial
        
        located in the southwestern South Dakota, in the Black Hills
        
        features the heads of the U.S presidents
        
        George Washington
        
        Thomas Jefferson
        
        Abraham Lincoln
        
        Theodore Roosevelt
- - - - flow eastward empty into the Atlantic Ocean
      - flow westward empty into the Pacific Ocean
    - - mining
      - tourism
  - - - Columbia Plateau in the north
        
        is drained by the Columbia River & its tributary: the Snake River
      - vast Colorado Plateau in the south
        
        is drained by the Colorado River & its tributaries
        
        form the Grand Canyon (Arizona)
        
        one of the most studied geologic landscapes in the world
      - vast basin and range country (including the Great Basin)
    - - largest US salt lake west of the Mississippi River
      - remnant of Lake Bonneville
    - - the state capital of Utah
      - the most populous city of Utah
      - ocuppies the north end of the Salt Lake Valley
    - - the hottest, driest, lowest point
      - an arid desert region in southeastern California
  - - - extend almost due north and south
    - - Spanish word for "Snowy Mountains"
      - Mount Whitney: highest peak in the conterminous US
    - - extend along the length of the US Pacific Coast
      - San Francisco Bay
        
        situated midway on the Pacific Coast
        
        The Golden Gate Bridge
        
        connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean
        
        a visitor attraction
      - Immigrants have flocked to the Pacific states
      - Los Angeles
        
        the busiest port & largest city on the West Coast
        
        name meaning: The angels - Spanish originated
        
        2nd largest ciy in terms of population
        
        large by geographic standards
        
        Hollywood
        
        a district in the city
        
        northwest of the downtown district
        
        Hollywood sign - unofficial symbol of the city
    - - Sanwiched between the Cascades along with the SN and the CR
      - Seattle
        
        the Emeral city
      - Oregon
        
        state's capital: Salem
      - Sacramento
        
        state capital of California
        
        one of the biggest cities
  - - - name coming ffrom an Aleut word: great land
      - largest state by area
      - called: "The Last Frontier, The Land of the Midnight Sun
      - Geography
        
        refer to other states (-Hawaii) as "Outside" or "Lower 48"
        
        occupies the northwestern portion
        
        extremely varied topography
        
        mountains in sourthern & central areas
        
        narrow coastal areas in the southwest
        
        coastal plains to the north
        
        north
        
        largely flat, featureless coastal plains
        
        bounded by the massive Brooks Mountain Range
        
        highest peak: Mount McKinley
        
        has more lakes and rivers than any other states
      - Populatiion
        
        small, sparsely populated
        
        5% are Native Americans
        
        Indian
        
        Eskimo
        
        Aleut
      - Cities
        
        Anchorage
        
        dominate population & economic centre
        
        located in the South Central Alaska
        
        Juneau
        
        the state's capital
        
        only mainland state capital that can't be accessed by road
        
        can only be reached via sea/ air
      - Economy
        
        main economy: seafood
    - - southernmost state
      - the only island state in the US
      - is composed of 8 main islands
      - the majority of the land area is concentrated on 8 islands
      - Natural features
        
        a tropical rain forests climate
        
        portion of a submarine mountain range
        
        Mauna Loa is the world's largest active volcano
        
        only U.S state outside North America
        
        the wettest place on earth
      - Symbols
        
        state flag
        
        influenced by the Union Jack
        
        features 8 horizontal stripes
        
        official language
        
        Hawaiian
        
        Hawaiian English
      - Economy
        
        tourism
      - Population
        
        very diverse
        
        no single ethnic group forming a majority
        
        Honolulu
        
        major city
        
        the state capital
- - - - Stretch from Main to Texas
      - very flat
      - generally very poor soil
    - - stretch from the northern part of Maine south-west into Alabama
      - easily accessible coal & iron
      - The Piedmont hills: most highly productive agricultural land
    - - a vast plain
      - broken by
        
        Superior Upland & Black Hills in the north
        
        Ozark Plateau in the south
      - extend from
        
        central Canada southwards to Mexico
        
        the Appalachian Mountains westwards to the Cordillera
      - divided into 2 major parts
        
        wetter, eastern portion: Central Plains
        
        western portion: the Great Plains
        
        to the west, the Cordillera: 1/3 of the US
        
        Western edge
        
        the Sierra Nevada
        
        the Cascades in the eastern part
        
        the Coastal Ranges along the western coast
        
        Eastern boder: the Rocky Mountains
        
        high, discontinuous chain of mountains
        
        stretch from mountainous Alaska down to Mexico
        
        rise sharply from the Great Plains
        
        contain many important metals
    - - a chain of 20 islands
      - only 7 are inhabited
    - - Longest one: the Missouri
        
        a tributary of the Mississippi
        
        other two tributaries: the Ohio & the Tennessee
      - a large number in the eastern part
      - in the west, the longest: the Rio Grande
  - - - humid continental climate
      - hot summers & cold winters
    - - lack of natural barriers
        
        give rise to spectacular weather
        
        summer are hot & humid
        
        rainfall decreases to the west
    - - almost rainless in the summer
      - winter
        
        frequent drizzle
        
        generally warm & dry
    - - moderately rainy
      - summer: extremely humid
  - - - clmates favorable for agriculture
      - extensive internal waterways
      - abundant natural resources
      - favorable climates
      - major river systems
- - - - mainly rural & less-populated, less-developed parts
      - Southern boundary skirts the northern edge of Megalopolis
      - West & North: bounded by Canada
      - The Atlantic Ocean forms the eastern boundary
      - region with limited resources
        
        restricted economy
        
        main economy: dairy & poultry farms
        
        no large cities
    - - a narrow strip along the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean & The Gulf of Mexico
      - begin in southern Virginia, end in Texas, at the border with Mexico
      - dynamic region
        
        traditional & modern characteristics
        
        burgeoning cities & factories
        
        rural seaside villages & town
      - Major cities
        
        Houston
        
        most important city in southeastern Texas
        
        is linked to the Gulf of Mexico
        
        inland seaport & major financial, distribution, manufacturing center for the sourthern US
        
        largest city in Texas
        
        4th largest city in the US
        
        New Orleans
        
        one of the most distinctive & culturally diverse city
        
        located on the Mississippi River
        
        mostly below sea level
        
        a leading commercial center & 1 of the most active ports
        
        Miami
        
        the largest city of a metropolitan region that dominates sourthern Florida
        
        rapidly grow: resort & recreational opportunities
        
        located at the southeastern corner, near the tip of Florida pennisula
  - - - high population density
      - major urban centers
      - a large demand for primary goods
    - - New York City
        
        located in the south-eastern part of New York state
        
        largest city in the US
        
        home of the UN, center of global finance, communications & business
        
        unusual among cities
        
        high residential density
        
        extraordinarily diverse population
        
        hundreds of tall office & apartment buildings
        
        thriving central business district
        
        extensive public transportation system
        
        400 distinct neighborhoods
        
        made up of 5 separate counties (boroughs)
        
        Manhattan
        
        glittering heart of the metropolis
        
        110-story twin towers of WTC was destroyed
        
        the oldest, densest, most built-up part of the entire urbanized region
        
        Queens
        
        Brooklyn
        
        Bronx
        
        Staten Island
      - Boston
        
        capital city of the Commonweath of Massachusetts
        
        the largest & most influential city of the 6-state of New England
        
        major center for higher education: Havard & M.I.T
        
        3 important economic sectors
        
        Financial services
        
        largest center for banking & insurance in the northeastern
        
        Healthcare industry
        
        High-technology industry
        
        physically, quite small
        
        highest population densitites among cities nationally
      - Washington D.C
        
        capital of the US
        
        the city of Washington has the same boundaries as the District of Columbia
        
        different from the state of Washington, located in the Pacific Northwest
        
        center of 3 branches of the US federal government
        
        power base of America
        
        notorious for the divisions in its society
        
        crime, poverty & racial segregation
        
        contrasting monuments proclaiming "equality for all"
        
        microcosm of American reality
        
        tourist attraction
- - - - represented 13 orginal colonies
    - - a canton (rectangular blue field
      - containing 50 five-pointed white stars
        
        represented 50 states
    - - White: Purity & innocence
      - Red: Hardiness & Valor
      - Blue: Vigilance, Perseverance & Justice
    - - the Star-spangled banner
      - the Stars and Stripes
      - the Red, White and Blue
      - Old Glory (unknown origin
  - - - Circle of clouds (Constellation)
        
        meaning: a new state is taking its place among other nations
        
        Glory (rays emanating from stars)
        
        13 white stars on a blue ground, one star for each colonies
        
        azure blue background
      - E Pluribus Unum - "Out of many, one"
        
        13 letters
        
        One nation that was created from 13 colonies
        
        American Eagle
        
        bald eagle - national bird
        
        balde - white
        
        chosen due to its long life, great strength and majestic looks
        
        only unique eagle found in the us
        
        represents freedom
        
        Shield
        
        blue on top
        
        represents the President & Congress
        
        13 red & white striped below
        
        represent the states united
        
        Americans should rely on their own virtue
      - Olive Branch: symbol of peace
        
        13 leaves & olives
      - Bundle of 13 arrows
        
        symbol of war
      - 13
        
        represents first 13 states
    - - spiritual side
      - contains
        
        13-step pyramid
        
        the year 1776 in Roman numberals at the base
        
        At the top, the Eye of Providence
        
        Above: the motto AnnuitCoeptis
        
        It is favourable to our undertakings
        
        or He favors our undertakings
        
        Below, Novus OrdoSeclorum: New Order of the Ages
        
        1776: the beginning of American new era
    - - the back of 1 dollar
      - only attached to certain documents: foreign treaties & presidential proclamations
      - in the Exhibit Hall of the Deparment of State, Washington DC
- - - - vast majority: WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants)
      - almost 13% of the population: African descents
        
        at the bottom of educational & economic table
        
        higher unemployment results
        
        racial discrimination
      - the Hispanics: over 17% of the population
        
        generally have lower economic & educational level
      - fastest growing ethnic group: the Asians
        
        Hawaii: the nation's only majority Asian state
      - the Native Americans
        
        live mainly in reserves in the southwestern states
        
        in deep poverty & no integration into American society