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Disorder of the eye (Cataracts), e - Coggle Diagram
Disorder of the eye (Cataracts)
Medical management
Eyedrops
Eyeglasses
Medications
Contact lenses
Strong bifocals
Magnifying lenses
Assessment and common findings
Opthalmoscopy
Sit -lamp biomicroscopic examination
Snellen visual test
The degree of lens opacity
Decreased visual acuity
Cataracts
Pathophysiology
Common types of senile cataracts
Cortical
Involves
Posterior part of the lens
Equatorial cortex of the lens
Has little effect on vision
Does not interfere with the passage of light
Anterior part of the lens
Posterior subcapsular
Associated with prolonged use of corticosteroid
Diabetes
Ocular trauma
Typically develop in young people
Occurs in front of the posterior capsule
Near vision diminish
Nuclear
Cause
Central opacity
Has sustantial genetic component
Associated with Myopia
Develop in one or both eyes
Clinical manifestations
Painless ,blurry vision
Surroundings dimmer
Light scattering
Reduced contrast sensitivity
Reduced visual acuity
Myopic shift
Astigmatism
Monocular diplopia
Colour shift
Brunesci
Nursing management
Urinalysis
Standard preoperative blood tests
Preoperative management care
Preoperative management
Administer dilating eye drops every 10 minutes 4 doses 1 hour before surgery
Prophylactic treatment
Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatory drops
Corticosteroids
Withold anticoagulants
Postoperative management
Verbal written instructions
How to protect the eye
How to administer medication
Recognising complications
Obtaining emergency care
Expect minimal discomfort
To take analgesics
Self care and Education
To prevent accidental rubbing/poking of the eye
Wear protective eye patch for 24hrs1-4 weeks
Eyeglasses during the day
Instruct the patient to care for eye shield
Eyeglasses worn outdoors during the day
Expect slight morning discharge
Use damp washcloth to remove discharge
Redness and scratchy feeling is expected
To report to the doctor
Flashing lights
Decreased vision
Floaters
Pain
Increased redness
Eye patch removed after the1st appointment
Vision improve as the eye healing
Refractive errors for correction
Vision stabizliation from 6-12 weeks
From 6-12 weeks
Complete healing
Final corrective prescription completed
IOL implants patients expect functional vision
Expect astigmatism
Expect blurring vision for few days to a week
Multifocal IOL patients
Expect increased night glare
Contrast sensitivity
Instructions to the patient
Shampoo hair cautiously
Avoid lying on the side of affected eye
Take shower /bath with caution
Keep activities light
Postoperative Care
Wash hands before
Touching the eye
Cleaning the eye
For cleaning
Wipe with the eye closed
Use single gesture
Use clean tissue
From inner canthus outwards
The activities to resumes as directed by physician
Driving
Sexual activity
Unusually strenuous activity
Following surgery
To wear metal shield or glasses at all times
Avoid lifting, pushing, or pulling heavy objects
Avoid bending or stooping for extended period
Be careful when climbing or descending stairs
Know when to contact the doctor
Surgical mangement
Outpatient surgery
Injection free topical intraocular anaesthsia
Intravnous moderate sedation
One eye treated first
The other used for evaluation the results
Phacoemulsification
Extracellular cataract surgery
The portion of the anterior capsule is removed
Extraction of the lens nucleusand cortex
Ultrasonic device
To liquify the nucleus and cortex
Suctioned out
Lens replacement
Removal of the lens
Aphakic
3 lens replacements options
Aphakic eyeglasses
Contact lenses
IOL implants
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