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FOREIGN POLICY - FRANCE 2 - Coggle Diagram
FOREIGN POLICY - FRANCE 2
TREATY OF BRUGES
The Treaty of Bruges was signed - England and Charles would declare war on France if Francis refused o make peace.
This was to be kept secret until after November when Henry had received the next installment of his French pension.
2 days into the August 1521 Calais conference, Wolsey met Charles V in Bruges.
Charles agreed that he would compensate Henry for pensions he would later forgo during the war, Charles became engaged to Princess Mary.
SECOND FRENCH WAR
Imperial forces didn't help English troops who were making effective raids on Picardy.
1523, Duke of Bourbon, a great French nobleman, took up arms against Francis. This opened up the possibility of a 3 pronged attack and so new agreements were drawn up for the three men.
Charles focused his attention on northern Italy - recovering Milan in 1521 and winning the Battle of La Bicocca in 1522.
Duke of Suffolk with 11,000 troops began to march on Paris in August.
England declared war against France in May 1522.
However, support from the other two forces failed to materialise. Suffolk and his men returned to England disheartened.
BATTLE OF PAVIA 1525
August - Anglo-French Treaty of the More, a friendship treaty.
Jan 1526 - Charles V forced the Treaty of Madrid on Francis I. Francis rejected the treaty immediately on his release and looked to form a coalition against Charles.
March - Amicable Grant. The failed grant didn't matter as Charles refused to attack France and instead annulled the marriage between himself and Henry's daughter, Mary.
May - the League of Cognac was formed against the HRE. The League was made up of France, Venice, the Papacy, Florence and exiled Duke of Milan.
Late Feb - Henry attempted to persuade Charles to make a joint assault on France to lead Henry to be crowned King of France and Charles the monarch of all Christendom.
Sept - England joined the League as a protector and not a member.
This rocked the balance of power that had existed between Hasburg-Valois.
10,000 French soldiers were killed and Francis himself was trapped under his horse and captured.
Feb 1525, Francis and his army were trapped at Pavia in northern Italy.
April 1527 - Anglo-French Treaty of Westminster.
1527-1546
1529 - Battle of Landriano. Charles defeats France, essentially holds the Pope captive.
Aug 1527 - Treaty of Amiens, an anti-imperial alliance with France, included a trade embargo on Burgundy. Backfired when Charles' economic retaliation led to mass unemployment in England.
Peace of Cambrai (Frace/HRE/Spain) - France gives up ambition in Italy, Papacy dominated by HRE. Charles isn't going to allow the divorce of his aunt.
Henry's 'Great Matter' wasn't sorted diplomatically and showed England was a minor power.
Henry is isolated and powerless - Wolsey pays the price.
1544 - hugely expensive war against France at a cost of £2 million, little achieved.
1545 - the French launched counter-invasion of the Isle of Wight and sent forces to support the Scots - eventual peace treaty in 1546.
HABSURG-VALOIS WARS, 1521-1559
Henry spent £892,000 on First French War, £401,000 on Second and £2,144,765 on Third.