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CHEMISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT - Coggle Diagram
CHEMISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
WATER
Tests for water
Cobalt (II) Chloride tuns pink on the presence of water
Copper (II) Sulfate turns blue in the presence of water
Purity of Water
Tap water may contain many unwanted impurity-causing substances including-but not limited to-oxygen, metal compounds, plastics, biological organisms, etc.
Tap water contains impurities that distilled water does not. This is why distilled water is used for experiments.
Some of the substances dissolved in tap water are useful, such as dissolved oxygen which is essential to marine life and certain metal compounds that provide minerals that are essential for human life.
Some of these substances are harmful. Biological organisms in water may cause infections, some metal compounds are toxic, plastics harm aquatic life, etc.
PURIFICATION OF WATER
SEDIMENTATION AND FILTRATION
Sedimentation is a process that is used to remove suspended solids from water. The water is left for a while allowing the substances to settle at the bottom, The substances can then be easily removed.
Filtration is a process to remove suspended solids from liquids. It uses filter paper to remove the solids.
USE OF CARBON
Carbon is used to remove organic chemicals to remove tastes and odors from water.
CHLORINATION
Chlorine is used to kill all biological organisms in the water
AIR
Composition
Nitrogen: 78%
Oxygen: 21%
Other Gases: 1%
Mostly Argon, approx. 0.04% Carbon Dioxide, some water vapor, and other noble gases
Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide
Bonds with hemoglobin in the blood, severely decreasing oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells.
Caused by incomplete combustion, where there is not enough oxygen to full combust.
Nitrogen Oxides
Cause Acid Rain
Causes Breathing Problems
Comes from vehicle engines
Sulfur Dioxides
Cause Acid Rain
Causes Breathing Problems
Comes from combustion of fossil fuels
Lead Compounds
Damages the brains of children
Damages kidneys and nervous systems in adults
Comes from car engines that use leaded petrol
Carbon Dioxide
Causes Global Warming
Comes from complete combustion of carbon
Particulates
Cause breathing problems
Methane
Accelerates global warming
Reduction of the effects of environmental issues caused by pollutants
Climate Change
Planting Trees
Reduction in livestock farming
Reduction in use of fossil fuels
Increasing usage of renewable energy
Acid Rain
Use of Catalytic Converters in cars
Catalytic Converters contain transition metals that can turn toxic substances into less harmful substances.
Ex. 2CO + 2NO → 2CO2 + N2
Usage of low sulfur fuels
Flue Gas desulfurization with Calcium Oxide
Absorbents are added, which can remove up to 95% of sulphur dioxide from Flue Gas (the exhaust produced by power stations)