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5 PHASES OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Policy justification: as long as the colonized people are dividing or not united.
        
        Educational Polarization Policy in British Colonial Era
        :pencil2: The advent of English trading companies and Christians missionaries sparked formal and systematic way education.
        :pencil2: The development of education before the 1920s and after 1920s
        
        Education of the English Era before 1920s
        The British government does not care about education.
        As a result
        :tada:The emergence of vernacular education
        :tada:schools by christian missionaries
        :tada: schools were build privately by the Chinese in towns, minning areas and logging areas.
        :tada: the school was built privately by Indians.
        
        Chinese and Tamil Vernacular Education
        : an open and non-interference policy on education for Chinese and Indians
        : Known as vernacular Education-prioritizing mother tongues
        : Education in Mandarin for the chinese and Tamil for the Indians.
        
        : the open policy and no british interference in the social affairs of the immigrants led to the existence of Chinese and Tamil schools,
        : The schools are run by their respective communities without help from the British until 1920s
        : tradition priorities education and preserves the culture as well as the identity of the nation.
        
        Chinese Vernacular Education
        
        1 more item...
        
        Tamil Vernacular Education
        
        2 more items...
        
        Education Malays
        
        1 more item...
        
        English Education
        
        1 more item...
        
        Education of The Japanese Age
        
        1 more item...
- - - - The Education Ordinance 1957 was enacted based on the recommendation of The Razak Report (1956).
        Prioritize unity & be the core of the National Education Policy.
        The recommendations of the Razak Report were reviewed by the Rahman Talib Committee in 1960.
        Education Act 1961.
        Malay as the main medium of instruction at all levels of education the use of the same curriculum and examinations for all students.
      - The policy of democratization of education (1962) Free education for all students.
        Universal education for 9 years,
        Secondary school entrance selection examinations were abolished (1964)
        An increased in the participation rate to the secondary school.
        Policy changes that extended universal education to 11 years in stages beginning in 1992.
- - - - Changes in the National Education System Malay as the main medium that is fully implemented at the secondary level.
        Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah on 1982.
        Sarawak in 1990.
        
        Use of English as a second Language.
        Civics subjects were introduced.
        Science and Technical Educations-skilled workforce.
        
        Review of the implementation of education policy by the Cabinet Committee to Review the Implementation of Education Policy (1979)
        Adding physical facilities and infrastructure especially in rural areas (1980)
        The Philosophy of National Education (1988) reinforces the direction and goals of national education.
- - - - Education Act 1966, Private Higher Educational Institutions Act 1966: National Council of Higher Education Act 1966 and others.
        Increased access to education, especially at the tertiary level;
        ICT developments in education include the establishment of Smart Schools in 1999.
        Upgrading the qualifications of teachers from certificate to diploma;
        Upgrading Sultan Idris Teachers College to Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI).
        Upgrading Vocational Secondary School to Technical Secondary Schools.