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The missed chain, Blausen_0006_AbdominopelvicRegions, surfaces, ligaments,…

- - - - Which
        
        Separates the spleen from 9th, 10th, & 11th ribs on the left side
  - - - Contains
        
        Splenic vessels
        
        Tail of pancreas
  - - - Which comes from
        
        Celiac axis
        
        Which is branched from
        
        Abdominal aorta
  - - - Which drains to
        
        Hepatic portal vein
  - - - Include
        
        Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
        
        Nodules
        
        Responsible for
        
        Proliferating B-cells in the sheath
      - Considered as
        
        Site of immune response
    - - Composed of
        
        Splenic cords
        
        Contains
        
        Reticular tissue
        
        Macrophages
        
        RBCs
        
        Lymphocytes
        
        Sinusoids
        
        Lined by
        
        Stave cells
- - - - However
        
        It is within in the alternative distribution.
  - - - Probability of an effect as large as or larger than the observed effect, assuming that the null is indeed true.
    - - The P value measures the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis
    - - Sample size
      - Effect size
  - - - However
        
        It is within in the null distribution.
- - - - Microcytosis
      - Hypochromia
      - Poikilocytosis & anisocytosis
    - - High serum iron
      - High ferritin
      - High transferrin saturation level
      - ↑ Total & indirect bilirubin
    - - ↓ MCV
      - ↓MCH
      - ↓ Hb
      - ↑ RDW
    - - Amniocentesis
        
        Can be carried out in
        
        14–18 weeks
      - CVS
        
        Can be carried out at
        
        9–11 weeks.
  - - - Caused by Gene deletions
        
        Alpha Thalassemia Minima
        
        One gene deletion
        
        Silent carriers
        
        Four genes, Two on each copy of chromosome 16
        
        Alpha Thalassemia Minor
        
        Two gene deletion
        
        Trans
        
        The two deletions in each chromosome
        
        No symptoms
        
        Cis
        
        The two deletions in one same chromosome
        
        More risk to transfer it to offspring
        
        HbH Disease
        
        Three gene deletion
        
        Limited alpha globin production
        
        HbH = 4 beta chains
        
        Extravascular hemolysis due to Abnormal formation
        
        Characterised by
        
        3 more items...
        
        HbH easily oxidized leading to intravascular hemolysis
        
        Hgb Barts
        
        Total gene deletion
        
        No α globin production at all
        
        Cannot form HbF
        
        Four gamma globin chains
        
        1 more item...
        
        Fetal death usually occurs or death hours after birth
    - - Caused by gene mutation
        
        Two genes, One on each copy of chromosome 11
        
        Beta Thalassemia Minor
        
        Heterozygotes: single abnormal gene
        
        Usually Asymptomatic
        
        Beta Thalassemia Major
        
        No or severely limited β globin production
        
        Ineffective erythropoiesis
        
        Leading to erthryoid hyperplasia
        
        Causing all clinical features
        
        1 more item...
        
        Splenomegaly
  - - - • G6PD deficiency enzyme : X linked recessive disorder
      - • Spherocytosis : autosomal dominant pattern
      - • Thalassemia and Sickle cell : autosomal recessive pattern
  - - - It was between
        
        from 0.25% to 33%
    - - It was
        
        0.035% to 43.3%
- - - - Type
        
        RBCs Transfusion
    - - Transmission
      - Hemolytic anemia
      - Allergies
      - Iron overload
  - - - Ex
        
        Deferoxamine
  - - - Is used for beta thalassemia
- - - - Alkaline
      - Acidic
- - - - As long as they follow their treatment program
  - - - Normal life expectancy
- - - - Hb within blood vesseles is taken through
        
        Hemopexin
        
        Taken by macrophages through CD19 LDL receptor
        
        Haptoglobin
        
        Secreted by the liver and taken by macrophages through the CD163 receptor
        
        Albumin
        
        Free Hb
    - - In
        
        Red pulp of spleen, liver, bone marrow
      - Through
        
        1- Damaged RBC's intake by macrophages
        
        Iron is stored in ferritin which polymerizes as hemosiderin
        
        2- Protoporphyrin is transformed into biliverdin and then bilirubin
        
        3- Bilirubin is transported to the liver through the blood by binding to albumin
        
        4- Bilirubin is conjugated in the liver and transported to the intestines.
        
        5- Intestinal flora converts conjugated bilirubin into urobilinogen which can be excreted in the urine and stercobilinogen which is excreted in feces.
- - - - Leukemia
      - Lymphoma
    - - Hepatitis A, B or C
      - Cirrhosis
      - Alcoholic or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    - - Blockage of the veins that drain the liver (Budd-Chiari syndrome)
      - Pericarditis
      - Heart failure