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Filtration - Coggle Diagram
Filtration
Definition
A solid liquid separation process in which the liquid passes through the granular media to remove particles that arent removed in the sedimentation process
It is important because it will removes the pathogen which is a suspended materials that will increase the resistance during disinfection process
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Mechanism
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Absorption
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Types:
- Inertial/ Impaction/Settling (larger particles)
- Diffusion (smaller particles)
- Interception ( mid-range size and follows the flow direction)
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Types of Filter
Slow Sand Filter (SSF)
- Consists of 2 filter Bed
- Consists:
- Water with 1 to 1.5 m depth and flow rate of 0.1 to 0.3 m/h
- Sand with thickness of 1m and 0.5 to 0.3 mm size
- Gravel with 0.3 to 0.4m thickness and 9 to 6mm sizes to prevent fine sand being washed into drainage pipe
Mechanism:
- Mechanical Straining
- Biological Activity
- Absorption
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Rapid Sand Filter
- Higher Filtration rate ( 5 to 20 m/hr)
- Consists
- Water Layer of 1 to 1.5 m depth
- Sand with 1m thickness and 0.45 to 0.95 mm size
- Gravel with 0.1 to 0.5 m thickness and 3 to 50 mm size
Mechanism:
- Mechanical Straining
- Physical Absorption
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Pressure Filter
- Cylindrical Form
- Removing Iron and Manganese by oxidizing it before pumping to the filter to remove the suspended material
- Filter media: Sand and Combination Media
- Cleaning Interval around 15-30 hours by backwashing
Filter Media
- Sand (smaller size with slow filtration rate)
- Anthracite (as a substitute to the sand)
- Gravel
Development
- Coconut Coir
- Sugarcane Bagasse
- Rice Husk
- Biochar
- Activated Carbon (High Temperature)