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Chapters 10-14 exam 3 - Coggle Diagram
Chapters 10-14 exam 3
Chapter 10 the hydrologic cycle and human use
Water represents ecosystem capital that provides goods and services. Farming, drinking, washing, recerational
Adhesion: substance sticking to surfaces
Cohesion: sticks to itself
Sources of water on earth: saltwater, polar ice caps, accesible freshwater
Hydrology: branch that deals with water properties and its movement and distribution on earth
Hydrologic cycle: circulation + movement through different areas on earth
Water is either soaked into ground by infiltration. Percolates and recharges ground water and aquifers
Surface water: ponds, lakes, streams, rivers
High ratio= water recharging aquifers and is purified. Low ratio= water movement toward ocean- not as useable
Hadley cell: closest to the equator
Convection cells
Rain shadow
Global climate change speeds up the hydrologic cycle
How do humans negatively impact hydrologic cycle
Largest uses of water: irrigation, industry, human direct use
Sink holes and land subsidence
case study flint, Mi
Water stewardship: drip irrigation
People in low income nations use 1 gallon per person per day. US uses 100 gallon/day but has droped due to conservation
Chapter 11 the human population and essential resources
Dust bowl of 1930d
5 golden rules of the tropics: keep soil covered, no till, mulch, maximize biomass production, maximize biodiversity
SOM
Soil: unconsdidated cover of earth, made up of mineral and organic components, water and air, capable of supporting plant growth
Functions of soils: plant growth, habitat, build on, water purification, modifer of atmosphere, recycles nutrients and water
5 soil forming factors: climate, biota, parent material, topography, time
oxisols, histosols, inceptiosols, spodosols
Chemical and physical weathering
Workability and structure
Soil profile: 2D vertical slices of soil made up of horizons
Horizons: 0,A,E,B,C,R
Plants require water
soil fertility: needed for plant growth. Lime to adjust ph of a soil
Soil decomposers: breaking down organic matter-earth worms
Soil humus importance
Soil erosion
Chapter 12 the production and distribution of food
Sustainable farming
Revolutions that have promoted population growth
Slash and burn agriculture
US grows corn, beef, soybeans
Biofuels
GMO
Norman borlaug father of GMOS
2 types of genetic modifications- transgenic and marker-assisted breeding
Cotton is GMO
Biotechnology advantages : disease and pest resistance, less tillage. DisadvantagesL enviornmental pest resistance
Food crisis: prolonged shortage of food supply that leads to unrest and death last occured in 2007-08.
Causes of food crisis: rising cost of fuel
Food security: access for every person to enough nutritous food for active and healthy life
Causes of hunger: war and not enough nutrition
Trade moves goods to from place to place. many developing nations export special crops. grain corn weat are all important foods on the market
Chapter 14 and 15 fuel and electricity
How to prevent brown outs
Major steps of power production
Fossil fuel: steam turbo generator: collection of fossil fuels, burn fossil fuels, steam moves toward turbine and spins, generator
Fossil fuels: coal: electricity, from mining, environmental costs: global climate change and air pollution
Coal: bottom ash, slag, fly ash
Natural gas: mostly made up of methane, gaining popularity in US. increased use for: heat generation for industrial and residental use and cars
Oil: mixture of combustible hydrocarbons. recovery methods: primary secondary and enhanced
Oilshake and oil sands