Learning Theories in Instructional Technology for Education

Behaviourist

Elicit the desired response from the learner who is presented with a target stimulus

Type of learning

Factors influence learning

Basic definitions and explaination of concepts

Generalization

Recalling facts

Cannot adequately explain the acquisition of higher level skills

Cognitivism

Address the issues of how information is received, organized, stored, and retrieved by the mind.

Type of learning

Emphasis on memory

Higher-level reasoning and information processing

Factors influence learning

The role of practice with corrective feedback.

The “active” nature of the learner

Focuses on the mental activities of the learner that lead up to a response

Determine which reinforcers are most effective for a particular student.

Arrangement of stimuli and consequences within the environment.

Constructivism

Making knowledge meaningful and helping learners organize and relate new information to existing knowledge in memory

Type of learning

Higher-level problem solving and critical analysis

Emphasis on real world scenarios

Factors influence learning

Learning occur in realistic settings and that the selected learning tasks be relevant to the students’ lived experiences

Situations actually co-produce knowledge (along with cognition) through activity