Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Digestive System, Accesory organs, Digestive organs, Digestive organs,…
Digestive System
Functions
Living organisms need food
All food contains nutrients
Type of nutrients
Carbohydrates-Proteins-Fats-Vitamins-Minerals-Water
Provides
energy
materials
Intracellular Digestion
Food particles
taken into the cell by
phagocytosis or pinocytosis
Hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes
Includes organs
Main digestive organs
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestıne
Large Intestıne
no digest
Accessory organs
Salivary Glands
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Extracellular Digestion
Large food molecules
broken down into monomers
by enzymes secreted out of the cell
Chemical Digestion
Digestive enzymes
Polymer to monomer
Hydrolysis
Mechanical Digestion
Physically broken down
No enzymes
Greater surface area
Accesory organs
Gallbladder
Bile is made in the liver
stored and concentrated in the gallbladder
The composition of bile
water
bile salts
bilirubin
cholesterol
bile pigments
soduim bicarbonate ions
released from gall bladder
through Ampulla of Vater
into duodenum
Bile enters duodenum through Coledog duct
Pancreas
Mixed type gland
Endocrine
Exocrine
produce pancreatic juice
which includes digestive enzymes
bicarbonate ions
amylase enzyme
lipase enzyme
chymotyrpsinogen,trypsinogen
nuclease
released from pancreas
through Ampulla of Vater
into duodenum
enters into duodenum through Virsung duct
Liver
The largest organ
connected to the duodenum by the bile duct
Liver cells receive a double supply of blood
Hepatic Artery
carries oxygenated blood
Hepatic portal vein
newly absorbed nutrients
Hepatic vein
carries nutrients from liver to heart
Nutrient concentration
At time of fullness
Hepatic portal vein>Hepatic vein
At time of hunger
Hepatic vein>Hepatic portal vein
Salivary Glands
Produce saliva
to start chemical breakdown of food
contains amylase-lysozyme
Amylase
breaks down starches into sugars
Lysozyme
contains bacteria-killing enzymes
Functions
Storage of glycogen
Formation of bile
Production of blood proteins
Conversion of ammonia
Digestive organs
Pharynx
Tongue pushes food into pharynx
Cavity between the mouth and esophagus
Epiglottis
Esophagus
About 25cm long in adults
Swallowing begins as voluntarily
Continues involuntary
No digestion takes place
Peristaltis occurs
Wave like motion
Mouth
where the both digestion starts
Chewing cuts,smashes and grinds food
Mechanical Digestion
food is broken down into small pieces by teeth
provides a large surface area
Chemical Digestion
a food is chewed it is mixed with saliva
saliva is secreted into mouth by 3 pairs
Digestive organs
Large Intestine
NO DIGESTION OCCURS
Has 3 parts
Cecum
first 6cm part
Colon
absorbs water
Rectum-Anus
last 15 cm part
Functions
Absorption of water
Absorption of vitamin B and K
Small Intestine
The longest section of the digestive tract
Has 3 sections
Duodenum
the first 25cm of the small ıntestine
where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices
Secretes
Cholecystokinin
stimulates
release of bile from gallbladder
release of pancreatic enzymes
Secretin
stimulates
secretion of pancreatic juice contents
production of bile
also secretes enterogastrin
slows down stomach
when chyme reaches duodenum
Jejenum
Ileum
Main function
chemically digest food into small molecules
absorb these molecules into the body
Fat and carbohydrate digestion occurs
Protein digestion completed in here
(which started in stomach)
Stomach
Located with abdominal cavity
Stores food and secretes gastric juice
which converts a meal to acid chyme
Secretes
Mucus
Hydrochloric acid
Protein digesting enzymes(Pepsinogen and renin)
Activates pepsin and rennin enzymes
Pepsin start chemical digestion of proteins
Enzyme secretion
Hormonal effect
Gastrin hormone released from G cells
Neural effect
taste and smell of food
stimulates stomach by parasympathetic divison
Absorption
Small Intestine
has a huge surface area
due to villi and microvilli
ıncreases the rate of nutrients absorption
Each villus contains
a small lymphatic vessel
a network of blood vessels
Chylomicrons
fats are mixed with cholesterol
and coated with protein
