Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Group 8, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
considered reliable which…
Group 8
Explain the characteristics of the TCP and UDP protocols, including port numbers and their uses
TCP
Features
Establishing a Session
- connection-oriented protocol
- ensures the application is ready to receive the data
- negotiate the amount of traffic that can be forwarded at a given time
Reliable Delivery
- ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
Same-Order Delivery
- numbering & sequencing the segments guarantees reassembly into the proper order
Flow Control
- regulate the amount of data the source transmits
-
UCP
Features
- data id reconstructed in the order that is received
- any segment lost are not resent
- no session establishment
does not inform the sender about resource availability
Header
- stateless protocol - no tracking
- reliability handled by application
Multiple Separate Communication
- User expect to simultaneously receive and send email, view websites and make a VoIP phone call
- TCP and UDP manage multiple conversations by using unique identifiers called port numbers
Port Numbers
Source Port
- originating application port that is dynamically generated by sending device
- Example: Each separated HTTP conversation is tracked based on the source ports.
Destination Port
- tell the destination what service is being requested
- Example: Port 80 web services are being requested
Port Number Groups
- well-known Ports (Numbers 0 to 1023) - these numbers are reserved for services and applications
- Registered Ports (Numbers 1024 to 49151) - these port numbers are assigned by IANA to a requesting entity to use with specific processes or applications
Dynamic or Private Ports (Numbers 49152 to 65535) - usually assigned dynamically by the client's OS and used to identify the client application during communication
Socket Pairs
- source and destination port placed in segment
- segments encapsulated in IP packet
- IP and port number = socket
- Example : 192.168.1.7:80
- sockets enables multiple processes to be distinguished
- source port acts as a return address
The netstat Command
- network utility that can be used to verify connections
- by default, will attempt to resolve IP addresses to domain names and port numbers to well-known applications
- n option used to display IPs ad ports in numerical form
Port Number Groups (Cont.)
The purpose of the transport layer in managing the transportation of data in end-to-end communication
Role of the Transport Layer
- responsible for establishing a temporary communication session between two applications and delivering data between them
- link between the application layer and the lower layers that are responsible for network transmission
-
Conversation Multiplexing
- Segmenting the data into smaller chunks enables many different communications to be multiplexed on the same network
-
-
4.Explain how the functions of the application layer, session layer, and presentation layer work together to provide network service to end user applications.
APPLICATION LAYER: The application layer is the layer that provides the interface between the applications used to communicate, and the underlying network over which message are transmitted. Application layer protocols are used to exchange data between programs running on the source and destination hosts.
SESSION LAYER: Create and maintain dialogs between source and destinations applications. It is exchange the information into initiate dialogs, keep them active, and to restart sessions that disrupted or idle for a long period of time.
PRRESENTATION LAYER:
Format or presenting data at the source device into a compatible format for receipt by the destination device.
-
-
-
-
- Determine whether high-reliability TCP transmission, or non-guaranteed UDP transmissions, are best suited for common applications.
TCP CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT
Step 1:Iniating client requests a sessions with server.
Step 2: Server acknowledges and requests a session with client.
Step 3: Client acknowledges communication session with server.
TCP SESSIONS TERMINATION
To close a connection, the finish(FIN) control flag must be set in the segment header.
To end each way TCP session, a two-way handshake, consisting of a FIN segment and an Acknowledgment(ACK) segment, is used.
To terminate a single conversation supported by TCP, four exchanges are needed to end both sessions.
DUE TO:
1.TCP leverages more error-checking mechanisms than UDP.
2.TCP sends data in particular sequence, whereas there is no fixed order for UDP protocol.
- TCP leverages flow control, while UDP does not.
- TCP is more reliable than UDP.
- TCP implements congestion avoidance algorithms while UDP does not control congestion.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- considered reliable which ensures that all of the data arrives at the destination
- additional fields needed in header which increases size and delay
-