Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
5.24 Lifestyle Factors and Disease - Coggle Diagram
5.24 Lifestyle Factors and Disease
Obesity
Obesity is an important problem worldwide, but especially in developed countries such as the UK
Obesity can lead to developing cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure, as fat (lipid) deposits form inside blood vessels
Eating a very large excess of calories, especially if a high proportion of these calories come from saturated fat, can lead to obesity and related illnesses
Obesity can also contribute to developing Type 2 diabetes, as the body cannot use insulin as effectively when there is a high proportion of body fat
Eating more calories than you burn from physical activity (and everyday metabolism) causes us to put on weight
Government programs such as the ‘sugar tax’ are aimed at reducing obesity across the country
Eating fewer processed foods, less sugar, saturated fat and high calorie foods can help reduce the risk of becoming obese
Malnutrition
The symptoms can be different depending on the vitamin or nutrient that is deficient
Malnutrition is less of a problem in developed countries like the UK, but more of an issue in underdeveloped countries where many people do not have enough money to eat
Equally, eating significantly fewer calories than we use can lead to malnutrition, as the body will not be receiving adequate amounts of nutrients and vitamins
Lifestyle factors (diet, exercise etc.) play a vital role in determining whether people will develop non-communicable diseases
Liver Disease
Alcoholics often also have vitamin deficiencies (particularly vitamin B6, thiamine)
The recommended weekly allowance for men and women is 14 units a week
A type of liver disease called fatty liver is common in alcoholics. It can lead to liver cancer and impaired liver function
A high alcohol intake can lead to liver disease
Drinking less than this significantly reduces the risk of developing liver disease
BMI
If someone’s BMI is over 30, they are classified as obese
We can also use the waist-hip ratio, calculated by dividing waist circumference (cm) by hip circumference (cm)
We can work out BMI (Body Mass Index) to determine whether someone is underweight, of a healthy weight, obese or morbidly (severely) obese
Obesity is classified as a waist-hip ratio of more than 0.85 for women, or more than 1.0 in men
Lung Disease
The UK government provide services to help and encourage smokers to quit smoking
For example, tar can cause lung cancer and nicotine can cause high blood pressure and heart failure
Cigarette smoke contains over 40 different chemicals, all of which have different effects on the body
These include COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer
Smoking dramatically increases the risk of developing several lung diseases
