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Alcohols - Coggle Diagram
Alcohols
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Miscibility
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longer chains (non-polar HC chains) do
not mix with water (butanol etc) as
ability to HYDROGEN bond is suppressed
by hydrophobic nature of HC chain
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Preparation
ETHANOL
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- starch broken down
into glucose by yeast
(under anaerobic conditions)
- glucose subsequently broken
down into ethanol + CO2
C6H12O6 --> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
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production ethanol for biofuels
CARBON NEUTRAL =>
- photosynthesis in plants use CO2 from
atmosphere to produce sugars
- fermentation produces ethanol + CO2
from sugars
- combustion of ethanol produces CO2 +
water
equation:
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used as biofuel - why?
- renewable
- high enthalpies of
combustion
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Reactivity
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PHOSPHORUS
PENTACHLORIDE
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observations:
- white, steamy fumes
- turn damp litmus paper red
- tube gets warm
- effervescence
- solid (PCl5) disappears
oxidation
reactions
helps distinguish between
primary, secondary and tertiary
alcohols by behaving differently
to OA
oxidising agents:
- acidified potassium dichromate (VI)
- acidified potassium manganate (VII)
PRIMARY alcohols
(orange to green)
- oxidised to aldehydes (end CHO)
- aldehyde distilled off
- under reflux...
oxidised to carboxylic acid
SECONDARY alcohols
(orange to green)
- oxidised to ketones (end anone)
- usually done under reflux
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