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Mental Disorders and Treatment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Symptoms: persistent worrying and anxiety, overthinking, indecisiveness, restlessness, difficulty concentrating.
      - Treatment: medications, lifestyle changes, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy
    - - Symptoms: severe chest pain, tightness of muscles, choking, sweating or other acute symptoms.
      - Treatment: psychotherapy and medications
    - - Symptoms: panic, fear, heart racing, difficulty breaking, leg shaking, trembling and a strong urge to leave
      - Treatment: exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy
  - - - Symptoms: loss of interest, extremely sad, suicidal thoughts, lack of energy
      - Treatment: psychotherapy, medication
    - - Symptoms: intense mood swings, changes in behavior, feeling of not needing sleep, big ego, very touchy, different sides of episodes manic and depressive.
      - Treatment: mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants, psychotherapy
  - - - Medications: first/second generation antipsychotics
      - Therapy: Support Group, Family/Psychosocial/Cognitive/electroconvulsive therapy
  - - - Antisocial Personality Disorder
        
        Symptoms: hurt animals/people, bully others, disregard for property
      - Histrionic Personality Disorder
        
        Symptoms: exaggerated emotional expression, dress in flamboyant manner, become depressed when not the center of attention
      - Borderline Personality Disorder
        
        Symptoms: unstable emotions, act on impulsive behaviors, judge others and self harshly, uncontrollable self-destructive behavior
      - Narcissistic Personality Disorder
        
        Symptoms: have fantasies on being extremely attractive or super successful, arrogant, devastated when they realize they’re average
    - - Paranoid Disorder: suffer from distrust and suspicion, believe that others are trying to harm them
      - Schizoid Disorder: lack of interest in social and personal relationships, prefer to be alone, limited range of emotional expression
      - Schizotypal Disorder: flat or inappropriate emotional response, feel discomfort when having close relationships with people.
- - - - Aims: childhood repressed impulses and conflicts, to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness
      - Method: used free association to unravel the unconscious mind and its conflicts
      - Free Association: patient lies on the couch and speaks about whatever come to their mind
      - Criticisms: hard to refute because it can’t be proven or disproven, takes a long time and is very expensive.
    - - Method: Therapist would talk to the patient and try to understand symptoms and themes across important relationships in the patient’s life.
      - Intrapersonal Psychotherapy: variation of psychodynamic therapy, effective in treating depression.
        
        Goal: improve client’s intrapersonal relationships to help reduce their stress
    - - Aim: to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance
      - Client-Centered Therapy: therapist listens to the needs in a non-judgmental way (very accepting), to build self-esteem.
      - Method: Active listening, unconditional positive regard, trying to build a positive relationship with the patient.
    - - Classical Conditioning Techniques
        
        Counterconditioning: procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that triggers unwanted behaviors
        
        Exposure Therapy: expose patient of what they’re afraid of
        
        Systematic Desensitization: type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant/relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli.
      - Aversive Conditioning: counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant behavior with an unwanted behavior, been used for alcoholism.
        
        Operant Conditioning
        
        Behavior Modification: desired behaviors are rewarded and undesired behavior either unrewarded or punished
    - - Beck's Therapy for Depression: Aaron Beck suggests that depressed patients believe they can never be happy, and associate minor failings in life as major causes of depression.
      - Stress Inoculation Training: 1. Meichenbaum trained people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations.
      - Cognitive Behavior Therapy: aims to alter the way people act (behavior therapy) and alter the way they think (cognitive therapy)
      - Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: Aim: to identify the irrational beliefs and negative thoughts pattern that may lead to emotional or behavioral issues.
  - - - 6-9 people
      - 90-minute-sessions
      - Costs less
      - Clients benefit from knowing others have the same problem
    - - Treats the family as a system
      - therapy guides family members towards positive relationships and improved communication
    - - Seasonal Affective Disorder: type of depression treated by Light Exposure Therapy
  - - - Classical Antipsychotics: remove positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia such as agitation, delusions, and hallucinations
      - Atypical Antipsychotics: remove negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia such as apathy, jumbled thoughts, concertation difficulties and difficulties in social interaction.
    - - Xanax and Ativan depress the central nervous system and reduce anxiety and tension by elevation GABA neurotransmitters
    - - Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors that improve the levels of serotonin
    - - Electroconvulsive Therapy: used for severely depressed patients that don’t respond to drugs, anesthesia is given, and the patient get a 100 volt shock that relieves them from depression.
    - - Lobotomy: surgical procedure; server the nerve pathways in the frontal lobe