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carbohydrates - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Examples
        
        Ribose
        
        pentose sugar
        
        Fructose
        
        hexose sugar
        
        Glucose
        
        Alpha has the OH at carbon 1 below and beta glucose has the OH at carbon 1 above
        
        polar and soluble in water
        
        galactose
        
        hexose sugar
      - a single sugar unit
      - Always soluble in water
      - Monosaccharides join via a condensation reaction which forms a glycosidic bond and can be broken by hydrolysis
      - Can bond together to form a disaccharide or a polysaccharide
      - these bonds can either be (1:4) or (1:6) depending on which carbons bond
      - functions
        
        energy storage
        
        structure
        
        providing energy for respiration
    - - many glucose molecules joined via glycosidic bonds
      - examples
        
        starch
        
        Chemical energy store
        
        two types
        
        Amylose
        
        alpha glucose
        
        1-4 glycosidic bonds
        
        forms helix shape
        
        much less soluble than glucose
        
        hydrogen bonds within the molecule provide stability
        
        Amylopectin
        
        alpha glucose
        
        1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
        
        branched structure
        
        Insoluble
        
        Equivalent in animals is called glycogen
        
        more ideal for storage
        
        more branched than amylopectin
        
        Insoluble
        
        hydrolysis makes the energy useable
        
        Cellulose
        
        made of beta glucose
        
        cant join the same way alpha glucose can so they alternate and turn upside down
        
        forms a long straight chain
    - - made up of two monosaccharides
      - examples
        
        maltose
        
        sucrose
        
        fructose and glucose
        
        lactose
        
        galactose and glucose