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4.8 Five Kingdoms vs Three Domains - Coggle Diagram
4.8 Five Kingdoms vs Three Domains
Intro
It is important to classify organisms so that we know about the genetic relationships between species and organisms
We can do this by the old Five Kingdoms system, or the newer Three Domains system
Five Kingdoms System
Subdivision
Each kingdom is then subdivided into a phylum, class, genus, order and species
These are different for each organism. For example, a human (Homo sapiens) would be of the Animal kingdom, its phylum is Chordata, class is Mammalia and Order is Primate
Binomial Naming System
The binomial naming system is based on the genus and species
For example, Homo sapiens is of the genus Homo, which also contains Homo habilis and Homo erectus, to name a few
Groups
The Five Kingdoms Classification splits all organisms into one of 5 groups
Fungi
Prokaryotes (e.g bacteria)
Plants
Protists (e.g algae, amoebas and other single-celled eukaryotic organisms)
Animals
Three-domain System
Developments in science such as the improvement of the microscope and increased knowledge of biochemistry (for example, RNA sequence analysis) found that some species were more distantly related than first thought
Carl Woese added three large groups called domains above kingdoms
Archaea: primitive bacteria which live in extreme environments such as hot springs
Eukaryota: organisms who have a nucleus enclosed in membranes, includes the kingdoms protists, fungi, plants and animals
Bacteria: true bacteria (despite having similar features to archaea)