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Biology Unit 2 Summative Notes - Coggle Diagram
Biology Unit 2 Summative Notes
Photosynthesis:
The process of a Plant making food for itself. The involved components are Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sunlight. Photosynthesis is an Endothermic reaction, and because of that, it happens mainly in the daytime, since that is when light is absorbed the most. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is "CO2 + H20 = C6H1206 + O2". The balanced equation for that is "6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H1206 + 6CO2"
Types of Carbohydrates
Glucose:
Glucose is the Energy source for all cells. It is a Blood Sugar. The chemical formula for Glucose is "C6H12O6". Glucose is used to make ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate)
Glycogen:
Glycogen is made of Glucose molecules. It is stored in our muscles and liver, and it is released whenever needed by our body
Starch:
Starch is made of Glucose Molecules. Plants store Glucose as Starch. The Iodine test can be used to determine whether a solution has Starch present in it or not.
Cellulose:
Cellulose is made of Glucose Molecules. Cellulose is also known as Fiber. Cellulose is what gives the Plant Cell Wall its rigidity.
Factors affecting The Rate of Photosynthesis
Light Intensity
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations
Temperature
Chlorophyll
Transpiration:
Transpiration happens through the mesophyll cells and stomata. The stomata is surrounded by guard cells, which help the stomata open and close. Transpiration commonly occurs during daytime when the stomata is open. Transpiration also happens through the Lenticels (pores on the leaf). Transpiration is the cause of the root absorbing water. The pull of Transpiration helps the Plants absorb water from the soil against the force of gravity.
Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration
Temperature:
At a higher Temperature, Plants tend to Transpire more rapidly and frequently. This is bad as it causes an imbalance between the rate of Transpiration and the Rate of absorption
Humidity:
When the Air is humid, that means a higher concentration of Water Vapor, which in turn means that a Lower rate of Transpiration will occur as the Humid air is unable to accept water and air molecules through evaporation
Nutrient Deficiency in Plants:
Nitrogen:
Nitrogen is taken up by plants as nitrate and ammonium ions. Nitrogen is used to make Amino Acids (proteins). Nitrogen is part of Chlorophyll and necessary for Photosynthesis. Common Deficiency symptoms include Stunted growth, the yellowing of leaves, the death of older leaves, and reduced flowering
Phosphorous:
Phosphorous is a major component of ATP, and is required for energy storage and transfer. Phosphorous is found in large quantities in seeds and roots. Common Deficiency symptoms include poor seed and fruit development, purpling of the steam and leaf, and stunted growth
Potassium:
Potassium is used to activate enzymes that promote the transfer of nutrients. Potassium helps the Guard Cells control the opening and closing of the Stomata, and is involved in Protein Synthesis. Common Deficiency symptoms include the scorching of leaves, yellowing along the edges, and stunted growth
Magnesium:
Magnesium is an important part of the Chlorophyll molecule, Deficiency of Magnesium in the Plant results in the breakdown of chlorophyll and the yellowing of leaves, as well as stunted growth
Greenhouses:
A Greenhouse is defined as glass or plastic-enclosed structure that helps in facilitating the growth of fruits and vegetables and other plants that have temperature-specific requirements. The Materials the Greenhouse is made out of help create a microclimate that helps the plants grow. These structures range in size from small sheds to industrial-sized buildings
Difference between Greenhouse and Greenhouse effect:
A Greenhouse and the Greenhouse effect are not the same things. Greenhouses, on one hand, are used for the betterment of plants using the manipulation of certain elements and factors that help plants grow. The Greenhouse effect, on the other hand, is defined as the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.