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Types of observation in early years, A running record is a detailed,…
Types of observation in early years
Jottings-GROUP 5
A jotting is usually short details of significant events, behaviours or conversations. It can be a couple of sentences to no longer than a paragraph at most.
Jottings are a quick and easy way to record significant events and behaviours.
Jottings can be written in a diary, note pad, log book or even post it notes and transferred to individual folders later.
Jottings are similar to anecdotal records except that they are much briefer and often describe a specific behaviour rather than a sequence of events.
12.7.09: Rebecca (11 months) lies in her cot after waking up. P bends over her but she does not smile. H, her regular caregiver, comes over and Rebecca immediately starts to smile.
13.7.09: Rebecca is sitting on the mat playing with nesting cups. Toni (12 m) crawls to the rug and tries to take a cup from Rebecca’s hand. She squeals, holds on tight to the cup, looking around the room at the adults
Jottings for students with dyslexia or if you are reading together, decreasing the amount of reading to help them focus on their understanding.
Beneficial for many students is to listen to the text being read over reading it all on their own.
Event Samples -GROUP 4
a strategy commonly used in direct observation that involves noting and recording the occurrence of a carefully specified behavior whenever it is seen. .
Event sampling is a useful observation technique for observing behaviours. It can be used to identify the child's response of certain behaviours, triggers and interactions.
Advantages Of Event Samples
Facilitates effective collection of information to help inform Educators of possible triggers for an event/behaviour
Simple and easy to use
Builds up a picture of a specific behaviour
They can be adapted to suit different circumstances
The can be used to monitor progression and success towards any early intervention goals
Photo Observations-GROUP 3
Photo observations can capture how a child learns through an experience, and provide an understanding of the child's development, skills and interests.
When accompanied with a brief interpretation, a collection of photographs can portray the development of the child, or any changes in their skills and play overtime.
Definition
Photo observations are a great way to capture a moment and track children's development. You can photograph moments of physical development, like an improvement in jumping or catching, or photograph children colouring or writing.
Photographs can be particularly effective when evaluating an activity in early years, as they can be a useful snapshot to gain insight into the whole ‘picture’. A photograph has the ability to capture group dynamics, facial expressions and body language which can then be reflected on after.
Why photo observation is Important
Cameras can create straightforward documents of experiences and artifacts from the classroom that can be revisited and shared with others. Photographs can also be a powerful way to make learning visible.
Capture The Learning
When taking a photo look for the learning that's taking place. A child who is cutting for example, take a close up of the way the child is holding the scissors in their hand, how they are holding the paper with the other. Wait for the right moment that demonstrates the child's skills.
Showing A Different Perspective
It's a good idea to change the angle when taking a photo, which shows the child's learning from a different perspective. Instead of standing over a child while taking the photo, lay the camera on the floor and look up or hold it higher above your head.
Movement and Emotions
Blurred photographs because of movement can also be used to effectively show the child in action. Such as a child dancing, balancing on one leg, jumping from a beam, these photos even though at times blurred can be used to document the child's movements.
As for photographing how a child is feeling, this is great opportunity to capture a child's look when they finally complete a challenging task they were working on, or the look on their face when they are engrossed in an experience or the smile they share when their parent comes to pick them up in the afternoon.
All these captures can be used in documentation. When documenting with photos, complete with annotation and descriptions about what was taking place when the images was taken.
Photography is an exciting medium for documenting change and progress and purposeful photos will accurately show the child's learning journey.
At the same time, photo documentation has it's own cons. It can be a false documentation or fake collection of data. The data will be not based on the assessment that has been doing. This will not be a successful assessment.
There is an important concluding note which is confidential and privacy with minors and photographs. Parent or guardian permission is needed to take or display pictures of young children.
Running Records-GROUP 2
Definition
It is generally short, often only 10 minutes or less. The observer writes down everything possible that the child says and does during a specified length of time or during a designated activity.
Purpose
To assess the stage of a child's development, interests, and other activities.
To capture a student's activity as it happens, gauging both their performance and behavior in any given task.
Things to consider when writing running record
(i) When writing a running record, you must use present tense, and you are detailing the action that is happening in front of you as it occurs.
(ii) You will record the “setting, situation and sequence” in which the behaviour occurred. Be as descriptive as possible and yet be as concise as possible.
(iii) Give yourself a timeframe (for example 10 minutes) where you will become a spectator and begin to observe and write what is happening as it happens.
Advantages of running record
Provides detailed data about the who, what, where, and when.
Evidence is documented as it occurs, in a sequence.
Provides objective and descriptive evidence.
Evidence can be gathered formally or informally.
Time Samples-Group 1
Definition
This involves recording observations about the child’s behaviour and what the child is doing at specific times. This can be done at regular intervals and can be helpful when identifying negative behaviour, as it allows understanding of the context surrounding a situation.
What is time sampling in child observation?
In a time sample observation, an observation of a child is made every five minutes over a set period of time, usually an hour. The observations are only brief but will include the activity the child is engaged in, which area of the nursery they are in and the level of involvement at that particular time.
How do you conduct time sampling?
Time sampling involves dividing the observation period into equal intervals and recording whether or not a specific target behavior occurs within each interval. Within this broad framework, observers have a great degree of freedom regarding the specific procedures employed.
Time sampling an advantage
A major advantage of time sample recording process is that a teacher does not need to be attending to a student’s behavior all of the time. Time sampling provides an estimate of behavior rather than the documentation of every occurrence and can be fairly easy to implement in class.
How can time sampling methods help educators provide information about children?
It is a useful technique to observe the child's overall behavior and to find out what the child normally does in a day. Focus on the aspect of the behavior chosen to reveal the frequency of that behavior.
Sociograms
Benefits of sociogram (Lingesvary)
Benefits of Using a Sociogram
You may use a sociogram to enhance the interpretation of social behaviours. To construct a sociogram you need to calculate either a positive or a negative parameter.
It will help teacher to record children's social interactions and behaviours.
It help teacher to identify the relationship between groups in their classroom.
How to Create a Sociogram in classroom
Kishantini
To construct a class sociogram, ask each pupil to confidentially list two students to work with on an activity. The topic does not matter. In most cases, social relationships will be relatively constant regardless of the activity. Make sure they put their own name at the top of the paper.
Grp5- A sociogram is map or diagram of a child's friendships and interactions within a group of children. It can be used across a range of age groups and can reflect patterns of social interactions for the child. It’s used to provide a clear identification of whom the child prefers to play with or if the child needs assistance in their social skills. Sociograms will indicate the children who interact most regularly and with whom they are most likely to interact.
Purpose (Tamilarasii)
A sociogram is often used to identify a child who may be being left out, but the results may change from day to day as friendships in young children are less stable than in older children.
A running record is a detailed, objective, sequential recording written while the event is happening.