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Original investigation: On average, participants exposed to words as well…
Original investigation: On average, participants exposed to words as well as imagery cues will recall more words than participants that are exposed to audios containing the word alone or with the positive self-reference.
Controlled
Time of day
Strengths
- Whether participants are energetic or tired, other participants are most likely to feel the same
weaknesses
- Some students might have had a 100 minute lesson before the experiment, therefore, their attention span is shorter
Same list of words
Strengths
- Eliminates measurement bias
Weaknesses
- All words that were listed were related to music, therefore, there was no collection of random words together. This leaves us wondering whether different groups of words might impact the effectiveness of the "most effecitve method"
Volume of audio
Strengths
- Remains consistant throughout groups
- Ensures that everyone hears the audio clearly
Weaknesses
- Might be too loud or too quiet
- Louder audio might cause participants to remember more and vice-versa
Valitidy:
Strengths:
- Having a group wait outside so that they don't hear the words being played for the other groups.
Reliability:
Limitations:
- Participants could have cheated and written down words while the audio was still being played
Ethics
Informed consent
Strengths:
- Informs the potential participants of what is to happen within the experiment and the purpose behind it
- Allows the participant to mentally, emotionally and physically prepare for any activities/tests that will be undertaken
Weaknesses:
- Eliminates the sense of "surprise" or "first impressions". If participants were to agree to an experiment that explained what was to happen beforehand, they will know what to expect, therefore react differently to how they would potentially react if it was a surprise.
Right to withdraw
Strengths:
- Gains participants' trust/makes them more comfortable
Weaknesses:
- May result in innaccurate results since there are no longer the amount of participants that the researchers initially planned/prepared for.
- Uneven groups
Confidentuality
Strengths:
- Gains participants' trust/makes them more comfortable
- Higher chance of volunteers wanting to participate
Weaknesses:
- Cannot show results to other participants to explain the outcome of the experiment
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Variables:
DV: Amount of words recalled
IV: Mnemonic method
EV's:
- Participant variables: Gender, age, emotional/mental state, literacy level
- Situational variables: Distractions (i.e background noise, interruptions), lighting, audio volume, time of day
Sample
Representativeness
- Not representative of the greater population
Limitations:
- Not enough participants
- The order in which groups were assigned might show bias. (i.e If every third person was a male, you would only have males in a group)
- It is difficult to generalise the affect of mnemomic methods on the greater population based on one small experiment.
Strengths:
- The sample was around the same age
- Same psychological knowledge
- Sample contained even amounts of males and females
Size
- 39 stage 1 Psychology students
- Middle income suburb
- Awareness/interest in psychology
- Have studied memory