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Diplomacy - Coggle Diagram

- - - - acting diplomatically
      - what it does:
        
        The management of the relations bet/w countries
      - The 2 aspects are related
    - - Tasks:
        
        be glamorous
        
        have well publicized negotiations of resolutions to differences dividing and creating conflict bet/w them
        
        representing their governments at political events
        
        issuing or validating passports or visas
        
        assisting businesses seeking to understand or do business in foreign countries
        
        helping private citizens who may need helo in the country that the diplomatic mission is occurring
  - - - electronic tech effects on modern diplomacy:
        
        electronic speed has allowed the direct intervention of the chief executive and presidential staff in diplomatic efforts
        
        the ambassador has stopped being the country's chief negotiator w/ foreign govenrments
        
        their actions can be monitored
      - Normal citizens have gotten involved in diplomacy and government
        
        There was growing public perceptions of the corruption of the classic situations
        
        Woodrow Wilson was against the old ways and wanted a more democratic system
        
        He created the League of Nations and failed
        
        He thought his way could prevent a second world war, but he failed
        
        Countries like Italy used democracy to add antidemocratic elements into power
    - - created from the Peace of Westphalia
        
        principle: governmental secrecy in dealing with one another
        
        Tolerable when:
        
        popular support for and information about diplomatic practice was not needed
        
        when most countries were not democratic
        
        especially in Italy & France
      - Relations bet/w sovereign states was considered the king's business
        
        usually interactions bet/w monarchs has little affect on normal people
        
        absence of public scrutiny
        
        It had a political process in that its purpose was resolve differences bet/w states on matters of disagreement where 2 or more sides desire mutually exclusive outcomes that required either or both to accept outcomes they would rather not
        
        The more important the interest, the more harder the resulting bargaining could be
        
        Secrecy
        
        provided context for bargaining and the compromise that was the central purpose and outcome of the process
        
        in most situations, the 2 sides would enter w/ contradictory demand
        
        Ways to resolve:
        
        2 more items...
        
        made compromise feasible
        
        both side can say that they "won"
        
        usually exaggerated
        
        Nature: both sides relent on their most desired outcome to allow the other to get something it can claim as success
    - - mostly conducted in a private setting where diplomatic professionals can meet without worries of social correctness or offending someone
        
        The public was usually unaware of what happened in these meetings
    - - trends:
        
        declining role of ambassadors in actual decision making
        
        why?
        
        result of improved communication that makes it easier for national governments to communicate and negotiate w/ counterpart leaders
        
        this allows a leader to ignore the advice from the diplomatic corps and their knowledge about countries and issues
        
        public demands for greater openness and accountability in diplomatic practice
        
        the purpose of which was to create a brake on secret alliances and other elite dominated activities
        
        an unintended result has been to politicize the conduct of diplomacy
        
        another unintentional result: to inject a highly partisan element into the system that interferes with the ability to negotiate
        
        influence can be fickle
        
        other states with which one is negotiating may be inhibited or confused by the vagaries of the domestic politics of those with whom they are interacting
        
        Has changed how the heads of state conduct diplomacy:
        
        it can cut professional diplomats out of the negotiating process
        
        1 more item...
        
        negotiations conducted in this manner tend to be more media-driven "photo ops" than serious and detailed discussions that make detailed and concrete resolutions of problems
        
        Proliferation of different kinds of diplomatic players
        
        in old system:
        
        diplomacy was the exclusive province of a small group of monarchical court members who were internationally recruited
        
        small group shared common outlooks, methods, and goals
        
        After WWII, democratization entailed national diplomatic corps and the injection of national viewpoints that made the system less universal and more parochial
        
        b/c citizens started negotiations for countries
        
        Effects on structure & conduct
        
        addition of new countries from regions that had not historically been part of diplomatic practices
        
        addition of non-state people aka groups among or within states whose goals are sufficiently unlike those of traditional actors that their goals do not conform to traditional norms
        
        Growing importance of summit diplomacy
  - - - reciprocity
        
        def: treatment of other diplomats is governed by the treatment one night expect to be accorded one's own emissaries, and diplomatic immunity that grants safe passage and treatment to foreign emissaries
        
        These were needed for some kind of diplomacy
    - - Has always beens around
        
        Back then:
        
        Issues may have been resolved but since transfer of communication was slow, dangerous actions could have been taken to erase all progress
        
        War 1812 - US declared war on Britain when the matter was already resolved, but word of solution travelled too slow
        
        Today:
        
        Thanks to Electric technology:
        
        diplomats and their central governments can communicate w/ each other instantly
        
        Global electronic media is the new source of information
- - - - Seen as: Develop nation vs developing nation
      - It is unique and extensive
      - Simplification of Issue: Should there be a physical barrier?
      - 3 essential problems:
        
        narcotics trade that crosses the border
        
        the question of immigration
        
        immigrants come to the US from Mexico for better job opportunities
        
        In 1990, the North American Free Trade Agreement was implemented
        
        the economy was stimulated
        
        made more jobs in the US and needed a void to be filled
        
        immigrants come and fill in the gap
        
        1 more item...
        
        terror