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English
Child Rights
Adopted by the United
Nations General Assembly on November 20, 1989
the Convention promises children
around the world the right to life, liberty, education, and health care.
Despite the convention's near-universal (only the U.S. and Somalia have not ratified it); children are still denied their basic rights
The Convention on the Rights of the Child put children's rights on the world's
agenda
Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Present)
A modal auxiliary expresses necessity, obligation, or possibility.
The most common auxiliary verbs are "be," "do," and "have"
Other common auxiliaries are "can," "could," "may,"
"might," "must," "ought," "should," "will," and "would.
The Use of Tenses
the structure of English
tenses is actually very simple
The basic structure is:
positive: subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
negative: subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
? question: auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
use of the auxiliary "can"
We use can to:
• talk about possibility and ability
• make requests
• ask for or give permission
Structure of Can
Subject + can + main verb
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to")
Notice that:
• Can is invariable. There is only one form of can.
• The main verb is always the bare infinitive.
Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb.
Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination
UDHR
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.
Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Past)
Could is an auxiliary verb
We use could to
• talk about past possibility or ability
• make requests
Structure of Could
Subject + could + main verb
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to")
EXAMPLE
Positive: My grandmother could speak seven languages.
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Could is invariable. There is only one form of could.
We use could (positive) and couldn't (negative) for general ability in the past
would
often referred to as the conditional
should
expresses mild obligation
would
expresses reservation
must
expresses strong obligation
New Constitution for Panama
Law 47 of 1946, Organic Education Establishes the standards of education
“Education is a right and a duty of the human person, without distinction of ethnicity, age, sex, religion, economic, social position or political ideas.
The State has the duty to organize and direct the public service of education
“Panamanian education is based on universal, humanistic, civic, ethical, moral, democratic, scientific, technological and cultural principles.
Modal Auxiliary Verbs (Future)
The word will is a modal auxiliary verb and future tenses are sometimes called
"modal tenses"
Common Problems with Modals
Using “to” unnecessarily
Using anything but the base form after a modal
Using double modals
Omitting “be” in certain modal expressions
Using wrong word order in questions
Transformation of Education in Panama
Transformation of New Education in Panama
In 1953 the Ministry of Education put into effect new plans and programs, which were based on the previous programs
In 1975, the educational reform began with the purpose of restructuring and reorienting the National Educational System.
presents a proposal to reform Organic Law 47 of Education of 1946. This reform was approved in 1995, after a long consultation process, through Law 37 of July 6.
Prepositions of Time at, in, on
• at for a precise time.
• in for month, years, centuries and long periods.
• on for days and dates.
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on