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Chapter 11 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 11
Functions of soil
Organisms Habitat
Recycles nutrients from water
Engineering medium
Water purification
Medium for plant growth
Modifier of the Atmosphere
Horizons
E Horizon- Zone of leaching
B Horizon- Subsoil Leached minerals like iron and other oxides
A horizon- Topsoil mixed humus and leached soil
C Horizon- Weathered parent material partly broken down minerals
O Horizon- Humus organic layer
R Horizon Bedrock
Five golden rules of the Tropics
Mulch for nutrients and cover
Maximize biomass production
Minimum or no till
Maximize biodiversity
Keep soils covered
Soil forming factors
Parent material
Topography
Biota
Time
Climate
Types of soil
Inceptisols- Grayness in the soil is from it being water logged
Spodosols- common in the NJ pinelands leached due to sandy texture
Histosols- Dark brown and formed form organic matter
Oxisols- Bright red and very colored
Soil degration
Construction
Industry mining
reduction in the capacity for soil to support plant life
Minerals
Primary- original crystallization producers
Secondary- form from primary minerals
Loam
20% clay 40% sand 40% Silt