Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
SK 8 - Coggle Diagram
SK 8
Deciduous teeth
Morphology
Maxillary
Canine
.
Crown is more constricted at the cervix in relation to its mesiodistal width.
Mesial and distal surfaces are more convex.
Instead of an incisal edge that is relatively straight, it has a long, well-developed, sharp cusp.
Compared with that of the permanent maxillary canine, the cusp on the primary canine is much longer and sharper, and the crest of contour mesially is not as far down toward the incisal portion.
A line drawn through the contact areas of the deciduous canine would bisect a line drawn from the cervix to the tip of the cusp.
Root of the primary canine is long, slender, and tapering and is more than twice the crown length.
First molar
.
Primary first molars are also much wider buccolingually in their mesial half because of the very prominent mesial buccal cervical ridge.
usually have four cusps, but they appear similar to maxillary premolars from the occlusal view since they have only two prominent cusps
There are three fossae on these primary maxillary first molars:
a large and deep mesial triangular fossa
a medium-sized central fossa
a minute distal triangular fossa
pit: central, mesial, and distal
four-cusp type primary maxillary first molars usually form an “H” pattern
The three roots (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal) of the primary maxillary first molar are thin and slender and widely spread apart
Second incisors
.
Lateral incisors are smaller than central incisors.
Labially, it is trapezoidal, and proximally, it is triangular in shape.
The crown is wider on the inciso-cervical side than on the mesiodistal side.
When compared to the mesio-incisal angle, the disto-incisal angle is more rounded.
On the lingual surface, the marginal ridges are more prominent.
The lingual fossa is quite deep.
Although the root has a similar shape to the crown, it is far longer in proportion to the crown than the center ratio suggests when comparing the two.
Second molar
.
Resemble the permanent first molar that erupts distal to them
With cusp ridges and fossae corresponding to to those of permanent first molars
Maxillary primary second molars may even have a cusp of Carabelli
FDI
upper right primary second molar: 55
upper left primary second molar: 65
have a much more prominent mesiobuccal cervical ridge and constricted crown cervix compared to permanent molars
First incisor
.
The maxillary incisors are four in number
The maxillary central incisors are centered in the maxilla, one on either side of the median line, with the mesial surface of each in contact with the mesial surface of the other
These teeth have incisal ridges or edges rather than cusps such as are found on the canines and posterior teeth.
The labial face is less convex than that of the maxillary lateral incisor or canine, which gives the central incisor a squared or rectangular appearance
The enamel surface is relatively smooth.
Mandible
Canine
.
The difference between the mandibular canine and the maxillary canine is mainly in the dimensions.
The crown is perhaps 0.5 mm shorter, and the root is at least 2 mm shorter.
For the universal tooth numbering system, the alphabet of “M” refers to mandibular primary left canine and “R” refers to mandibular primary right canine.
Whereas for the FDI tooth numbering system, “83” refers to mandibular primary left canine and “73” refers to mandibular primary right canine
First molar
.
The mandibular first molar does not resemble any of the other teeth, deciduous or permanent. Because it varies so much from all others, it appears strange and primitive.
Following the universal tooth numbering system, it uses alphabet of “L” which refers to mandibular primary left first molar and “S” for mandibular primary right first molar.
Right mandibular first molar '84'
Left mandibular first molar '74
Second incisors
.
Fundamental outlines are similar to the primary central incisors
Larger in measurements than the central incisor except labiolingually
Cingulum, is a little more generous
Lingual surface of the crown is more concave between the marginal ridges
There is a tendency for the incisal ridge to slope downwards distally, causing the distal contact area to lower apically in order for the contact area with the mesial surface of the primary mandibular canine to be made
Second molar
.
The primary mandibular second molar has characteristics that resemble those of the permanent mandibular first molar, although its dimensions differ
From the occlusal aspect, this tooth resembles the permanent first molar.
It is somewhat rhomboidal and has four well-developed cusps and one supplemental cusp: mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual, and fifth cusp.
First incisor
.
The mandibular central incisor is extremely symmetric
Not as constricted at the CEJ as the primary maxillary incisor
Sharp mesioincisal and distoincisal angles towards the cervical line
Smooth labial surface lacking developmental depressions
Left mandibular central incisor 71
Right mandibular central incisor 81
Has a straight incisal margin, no mamelons
Eruption time/ stage
Maxilary
Canine
16-22 M
First Molar
13-19 M
Lateral Incisor
9-13 M
Second Molar
25-33 M
Central Incisor
8-12 M
Mandibular
Canine
17-23 M
First Molar
14-18 M
Lateral Incisor
10-16 M
Second Molar
23-31 M
Central Incisor
6-10 M
Definition and function
The primary teeth is the first set of 20 teeth- 10 in each jaw—and they are classified as four incisors, two canines, and four molars in each jaw.
Function
Needed for efficient chewing (mastication) of food.
They provide support or the cheeks and lips, maintaining a normal facial appearance and smile.
They are necessary or the formulation of clear speech.
Differences
Differences between maxillary and mandibular deciduous teeth
Cingulum
Mandibular
Large
Elevated
Maxillary
Smaller
Less prominent
Root
Mandibular
Bends facially in apical one third
Long and bulky
Maxillary
Straighter but still bends facially in
apical one half
Long and thin
Crown
Mandibular
.
Long
Narrow
Symmetrical
Maxillary
.
Short
Wide
Symmetrical
Lateral Incisors
Maxillary
crown
Narrow
Oblong
root
Bends facially in apical one third
Mandibular
crown
Smaller cingulum
root
Bends facially in apical one half
Canine
mesial cusp ridge
Maxillary
Longer and steeper than distal
Mandibular
Shorter than distal
mesial contact
Maxillary
More cervical than distal
Mandibular
Less cervical than distal
cusp tip
Maxillary
Sharp and centered
Mandibular
Toward mesial
root
Maxillary
Bends facially in apical one third
Mandibular
Bends facially in apical one half
crown
Maxillary
Wide mesiodistally
Mandibular
,
Longer
Narrower
Less symmetrical
First Molar
Crown
Maxillary
.
Wider faciolingually than mesiodistally and tapers to lingual
Wider faciolingually on mesial than distal and tapers to distal
Mandibular
Much wider mesiodistally than faciolingually
Grooves
Maxillary
H-shaped occlusal grooves
Mandibular
Occlusal table has small mesial triangular fossa and large distal fossa
Well-developed mesial marginal ridge and strong transverse ridge
Cusp
Maxillary
mesiobuccal (MB) largest, distobuccal (DB), mesiolingual (ML), and distolingual (DL) may be absent
Mandibular
4 cusps: mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB), mesiolingual (ML), and distobuccal (DL
Roots
Maxillary
3 (if intact): mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB), and lingual
Mandibular
2 (if intact): mesial and distal
Second Molar
Crown
Maxillary
Resembles small permanent maxillary first molar
Mandibular
Resembles small permanent mandibular first molar
Root
Maxillary
3 (if intact): mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB), and lingual
Mandibular
2 (if intact): mesial and distal
Differences between right and left deciduous teeth
.
Dimensions of incisors
The mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of maxillary and mandibular incisors did not show any significant difference between the groups and right and left sides.
The buccolingual dimensions of maxillary and mandibular incisors in right and left sides did not show any significant difference between the sexes except for the maxillary left lateral incisors
The buccolingual dimensions of maxillary and mandibular incisors were greater in males than in females in group 1 except for mandibular lateral incisors.
The mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of maxillary and mandibular incisors were greater in males than in females in group 2 except for mandibular lateral incisors.
Dimension of crown
Mesiodistal crown dimensions of the deciduous canine, first and second molars and the mean buccolingual crown dimensions of the deciduous second molars in the both dental arches, left and right, of boys were significantly larger than that of girls.
Dimension of canine and molars
The deciduous canine and first primary molars have the greatest diameter in both dental arches, left and right, of both sexes, whereas the maxillary lateral and mandibular central incisors in each arch of both sexes have the smallest diameter
Differences between deciduous and permanent teeth (in general)
.
Primary teeth - 20 (4 central incisor, 4 lateral incisors, 4 canines, 4 first molars, 4 second molars) / Permanent teeth - 32 (4 central incisor, 4 lateral incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, 4 first molars, 4 second molars, 4 third molars)
Primary teeth - 2102/2102
Permanent teeth - 2123/2123
Premolars and third molars are absent in the primary set of tooth
Primary teeth are smaller in size when compared to the permanent teeth
1st tooth to erupt into the oral cavity is the mandibular incisors whereas in permanent teeth it is the mandibular first molar
Primary teeth are usually less pigmented and are whiter in appearance than the permanent teeth
Primary teeth are present within the age of 6 months to 12 years (at the age of 13 years only about 5% of primary teeth remains)
Permanent teeth
Definition and function
The adult set of teeth that begin erupting around age six. Also called secondary dentition. it consists of 32 teeth completed from 18-25 years of age. It includes incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
Function
Mastication
Phonetics
Esthetics