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3.4, 3.5, 3.6 The Structure of DNA, The Genome and Extracting DNA - Coggle…
3.4, 3.5, 3.6 The Structure of DNA, The Genome and Extracting DNA
DNA
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and this is a polymer that contains instructions for the body
Each nucleotide is made up of one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule (which form the backbone) and one of the four types of organic bases
Each DNA molecule is made up of two DNA strands which are twisted together. Each base is connected to another base in the other strand
The four types of organic bases are A, C, G, T
A bases only connect to T bases, and C bases only connect to G bases. This is called complementary base pairing
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The order of the different bases forms a genetic code - e.g. A, G, T, T, C, A, A etc
DNA is a polymer (long molecule) made up of two strands which are wound around each other to form a structure called a double helix
DNA, found in the nucleus, is a chemical that contains genetic material
Genes
Each gene codes for many amino acids, which are joined together to make a specific protein
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Genome
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The human genome has been studied, which has improved our understanding of the genes linked to different types of disease, the treatment of inherited disorders and has helped in tracing human migration patterns from the past