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3.1 and 3.2 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction - Coggle Diagram
3.1 and 3.2 Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Sperm and egg cells in animals
Sexual reproduction involves the joining of male and female gametes, each containing genetic information from the mother or father
Pollen and egg cells in flowering plants
Gametes
There are two sets of chromosomes (i.e. 23 pairs)
In each pair, one chromosome is from the father and the second set are from the mother
Each gamete has 23 chromosomes and they fuse in fertilisation
A normal cell has 46 chromosomes
The genetic information from each parent is mixed, producing variation in the offspring
Gametes are formed by meiosis, as they are non identical
Advantages
Sexual Reproduction
Natural Selection
This speeds up natural selection
An example is to increase food production by breeding two animals with lots of meat
Selective breeding
Organisms with different desirable characteristics can be bred to produce offspring with even more desirable characteristics
This type of reproduction mixes the genetic information from two organisms
Variation
Although some individuals may die, variation decreases the chance of the whole species becoming extinct
This means that if the environment changes it is likely that an organism in the species will have a characteristic that allows them to survive (called a survival advantage)
Asexual Reproduction
Only one parent is needed
Uses less energy and is faster as
organisms do not need to find a mate
In favorable conditions lots of identical
offspring can be produced
Asexual Reproduction
There is no mixing of genetic information
It leads to clones, which are genetically identical to each other and the parent
It happens using the process of mitosis, where two identical cells are formed from one cell
Examples of organisms that reproduce this way are bacteria, some plants and some animals
Asexual reproduction involves one parent with no gametes joining