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differential educational achievement by social class - Coggle Diagram
differential educational achievement by social class
material deprivation
higher levels of sickness leads to more absence from school
low income/unemployment may mean that educational books and toys are not bought and computers are not available at home which may affect progress
may be financially difficult for parents on a low income to support their child
schools in poorer areas may suffer disadvantages
young people from poorer areas are more likely to have a part time job
Connor et al – poor kids less likely to go to university
too deterministic
other differences between classes that may lead to working class underachievement
cultural capital also has an affect
key
evaluations
key studies
main points
cultural capital
MC parents are better educated and are more able to help their children with homework
MC parents are more skilled in researching schools
MC parents teach their children the values of deferred gratification
Stephan Ball - skilled and disconnected choosers
Difficult to research and test
Concept is difficult to operationalise
It may be seen as unfair to blame schools for being biased against WC children
in school factors
School type and ethos, top fee-paying schools have smaller classes and privileged access to top universities
School subcultures
Labelling, the ‘ideal’ pupil tends to be MC
Setting and streaming, affects what knowledge pupils have access to
Paul Willis - The counter school subculture
Labelling and the self fulfilling prophecy
Home factors are also important (cultural, social and economic)
Research from the JRF shows that what goes on in the home is more important
Mossborn academy and Tony Sewell’s field experiment suggests that if you pump lots of money into schools, disadvantaged students can succeed
cultural deprivation
LC children are more likely to speak in restricted speech code
LC parents may be less able to help their children with homework
LC parents may show a lack of interest in their child’s education
LC parents may have lower aspirations for their children
LC children are more concerned with immediate gratification
Basil Bernstein – Speech codes
Feinstein
Sugarman - immediate gratification
Material deprivation is also important
Marxists argue the cultural deprivation theorists blame the WC parents for the under achievement of their children whereas these parents are really the victims of unequal society in which schools are run for the MC by the MC