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Explain the cause of sickle cell anemia and how this disease affects…
Explain the cause of sickle cell anemia and how this disease affects humans
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease, which affects red blood cells.
Caused by a mutation on Hb gene, affecting heamoglobin found in red blood cells.
In sickle cell anemia the codon GAG in the normal Hb gene is mutated to GTG
Because of the mutation, when the gene is transcribed a codon in the messenger RNA will be different. Instead of GAG, the mRNA will produce the codon GUG.
The codon GAG on the mRNA matches with the anticodon CUC on the tRNA creating the amino acid glutamic acid.
Glutamic acid is replaced by valine resulting in a change of genotype from normal hemoglobin A to hemoglobin S being present in red blood cells.
With the mutation GUG on the mRNA matches with the anticodon CAC on the tRNA creating the amino acid valine.
The phenotype changes from a donut shaped to a sickle shaped cell and the cells can't carry oxygen to blood cells efficiently .
Bibliography
Coniel, Oscar. “Ib Guides.” IB Biology Notes - 4.1 Chromosomes, Genes, Alleles and Mutations,
https://ibguides.com/biology/notes/chromosomes-genes-alleles-and-mutations/
.
“Brent Cornell.” BioNinja,
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/31-genes/mutations.html
.
It is a base substitution because the base adenine is replaced by thymine.
(Oscar Coniel)
(Oscar Coniel)
(Brent Cornell)
(Oscar Coniel)
