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SLOW SAND FILTER - Coggle Diagram
SLOW SAND FILTER
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Sand bed
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Due to the fine size, water percolates slowly at 0.1-0.3 m/hr (need to maintain the rate)
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Cleaning
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After 20 to 30 scrapping, sand need to be added back into the sand bed to maintain thickness
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Mechanisms
Mechanical straining
When filter is newly made, filter media acts as mechanical strainer
Biological activity
After a while, sand bed surface covered with slimy growth (Schmutzdecke)
Schmutzdecke consists of microorganism, bacteria, plankton, etc
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Removes color, odor & taste along with turbidity
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