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GENE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION 22 - Coggle Diagram
GENE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION 22
intro
a
produces the monoamine oxidase a enzyme that breaks down remaining neurotransmitters after neurotransmission (e.g. serotonin - which is a mood regulator)
c
detailed account / balanced review
e
maoa gene
s
cases (1996), mcdermott (2009), caspi (2002)
d
genetics is the study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits
environment is external stimuli that can affect behaviour
cases (1996)
aim
to investigate the effect of maoa-l on aggressive behaviour in mice
rm
lab experiment
highly controlled conditions where accurate measurements are possible, participants are randomly allocated the iv
p
gm mice maoa gene deleted. pup brains 9x increase in serotonin, behavioural differences; more likely to bite researcher, frantic running, bat and ball posture, digging. adults; intruder test
f
maoa-l mice faster to attack than control mice (intruder test), maoa-l pups dramatically altered serotonin metabolism and severe behavioural alterations
linking
cases demonstrates that the maoa-l gene can affect aggression. this is seen in the gm mice with the deleted maoa gene having serotonin levels increase ninefold and aggressive behaviours towards the researcher. this is important because it shows that by having little to none maoa enzyme activity, there is chemical imbalance created in the brain with too much serotonin which caused severe aggressive behaviour alterations. therefore this study supports the idea that gene environment interactions can effect behaviour
ct
strength
repeatable; gm is ethically okay to do on animals, but gm takes time and is expensive (however)
weakness
subjectivity of behaviours; aggressive response to researcher?
caspi (2002)
aim
to investigate the role of the genotype in cycle of violence in maltreated children
rm
observation (non participant)
p
1037 male children born in new zealand in 1972, 26 years (birth to adulthood), antisocial behaviour and maltreatment measured
f
maltreated and maoa-h less likely antisocial behaviour, maltreated and maoa-l 3x more likely antisocial behaviour
linking
caspi demonstrates that maoa-l gene can affect violent behaviour. this is seen in the maltreated children showing 3x more likely antisocial behaviour. this is important as it shows correlation between aggressive behaviour and the maoa-l gene, as the effect of excess serotonin in the synaptic cleft of the neurons in the brain caused a chemical imbalance and increased likeliness of aggressive behaviour. therefore...
ct
strength
high internal validity
longitudinal study, large amount of data, long period of time, more likely to be true
weakness
low temporal validity
1972, different laws regarding maltreatment, new zealand so low cross-cultural validity
mcdermott (2009)
aim
to investigate whether monoamine oxidase a gene predicts behavioural aggression following provocation
rm
lab experiment
highly controlled conditions where accurate measurements are possible, participants randomly allocated to the IV
p
78 male subjects (maoa-l and maoa-h), vocab task to win money, proportion of money taken (20% or 80%), choice; agg=hot sauce, non agg=money back, x3, choice (new partner and new hot sauce), debrief
f
maoa-l more likely to administer hot sauce when 80% money taken, lower differences between genetic groups when only 20% of subjects money taken
linking
mcdermott demonstrates that the maoa-l gene can affect aggression. this is seen in those with maoa-l more likely to administer hot sauce to their fictional opponent when money was taken compared to those with maoa-h. this is important because it shows that following provocation from a stimuli (money taken), those with low activity of maoa gene exhibit aggressive behaviours. therefore supports ...
ct
strength
high construct validity; hot sauce made aggression measurable
weakness
mundane realism; administering hot sauce is not a typical aggressive retaliation