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Chemical equilibrium - Coggle Diagram
Chemical equilibrium
indicators
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In aqueous solution the colour of an acid indicator is significantly different from that of its conjugate base
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suitable indicators can be selected from pH data, including titration curves
Buffers
A buffer solution is one in which the pH remains constant with the addition of a small amount of base, acid or water
An acid buffer consists of solution of a weak acid and one of its salts, made from a strong base
A basic buffer consists of a solution of a weak base and one of its salts, made from a strong acid
When an acid is added to an acid buffer, the conjugate base provided by the salt absorbs excess hydrogen ions
When an acid is added to a basic buffer, the weak base removes excess hydrogen ions
when a base is added to an acid buffer, the weak acid provides hydrogen ions to replace those that were lost
when a base is added to a basic buffer, the conjugate acid provided by the salt provides hydrogen ions to replace those that were lost
equilibrium constant
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The numerical value of the equilibrium constant is affected by changes in temperature, but is unaffected by changes in concentration or pressure
The numerical value of the equilibrium constant characterises the equilibrium composition of a mixture
A reaction is at equilibrium when the composition of the reactants and products remains constant indefintely
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salts
A soluble salt of a strong acid and a weak base will dissolve in water to produce an acidic solution
A soluble salt of a weak acid and a strong base with dissolve in water to produce an alkaline solution
A soluble salt of a strong acid and a strong base will dissolve in water to produce a neutral solution