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Accident Simulation Review - Coggle Diagram
Accident Simulation Review
Crash Scene Simulation and Accident Reconstruction in FARO Reality in conjunction with FARO Laser Scanner
Tool
FARO Reality
FARO
FARO was established in 1981 as a startup to pioneer the 3D measurement and imaging technology
FARO is an imaging company that aims to capture the world in a more insightful and capable 3D image.
FARO technologies are utilised by a number of regulatory organisation to assist in capturing the accident scene and recreating simulations
FARO sells a number of technologies including:
FARO ARM
FARO laser scan arm
FARO Laser tracker
FARO 3D imager
FARO Focus3D
FARO Reality
designed to create accurate 3D diagrams and animations for both crash and crime scenes
FARO reality was created in 2015
Video Link
https://youtu.be/83QQ_p5iynU
Benefits / Usefulness
Software incorporates accurate 'live' measurements into simulation
These measurements include trajectory calculations, triangulation and others.
FARO Reality can complete momentum analysis
Developed for use by investigatory organisations as a forensic tool
The laser scanner collects data for 2D and 3D simulations
Data is compatible with other softwares
FARO Reality comes with useful guides and user manuals
Multiple applications
Depth camera
Active 3d imaging sensing technology
Drones for aerial scanning
Accident scene can be captured quickly to ensure that all evidence is present
Drawbacks / Limitations
The simulation can be manipulated by the creator
The simulations are open to interpretation as there is no evidence that supports why it happened
The scanner used to input environmental information is limited to line of sight
The cost of FARO Reality and accompanying tools is high in comparison with other options
Resolution of simulation and objects can change due to environmental impacts of crash scene
The software requires high computing power to operate
When inputting different objects, meshing becomes a problem
the resolution of the models and simulation becomes a problem
High level of specialised training or computer skills required to operate the software
The software is open to incorrect alterations of accident scene or vehicle movements
The laser scanner cannot detect reflective surfaces or objects on these surfaces
Google Earth can be used as an overlay to provide the environment, however, Google Earth can be adapted or dates changed leading to inaccuracies
Software is licenced to user and is expensive
The movement of vehicles in the simulation is only 'guess' work by the user of the simulation and algorithms in the software
Strengths
Collects a large amount of data
Faro Scene, Google Earth, GPS Pathfinders,
Vehicle computer data
Dash-cam video recordings with time stamps can
establish and be aligned with event occurrences simulations.
Security cameras can be inserted as an interactive
Easy to set-up
Can be operated on a laptop and carried to accident site
Can display 2D and 3D representations
Tools can be utilised to complete calculations
Has a 6 dimensional non-lockable camera allowing the user to show any angle
Modern cars can be imputed from the FARO software
majority of post 2010 cars have been scanned and can be utilised for simulations
FARO reality has the capabilities of special effects
Smoke
Fire
Lightning
And many other effects
Timelines can be imputed with major effects identified and 'highlighted'
Minimal tolerance of accuracies, therefore desirable for court liability cases
Information from car computer can be input to show realistic dash movements / car movements
Speedo
Airbag system
Engine Management
ETC
The simulation shows accurate information such as suspension movement, steering etc.
The simulation software allows for topographical information to influence the movement of the vehicle
Instant report formatting and analysis can be completed within the software minimising human error
Environmental immersion allows user to identify vision obstructions
Author's Credibility and Knowledge Base
FARO Global
Has created some of the most used 3D imaging and laser technologies utilised by regulatory and investigatory organisations
FARO created the technology, therefore, their simulation would use the most suitable information required to create a simulation
This simulation is used to advertise the uses of FARO Reality
Si Horton
Application engineer for FARO UK
Collision Between Elka Apollon and MSC Nederland
Video Link
https://youtu.be/R9I630Qy6Xg
Tool
BMT Rembrandt
BMT
Established in 1985 from the merger of Uk's British Ship Research Association and National Maritime Institute
International multidisciplinary engineering, science and technology consultancy
Creator of various world class maritime systems including significant contributions to the design of modern aircraft carriers
BMT Rembrandt
BMT Rembrandt was released to the public in 2014
BMT Rembrandt has undergone significant upgrades to suit the needs of their customers
Drawbacks / Limitations
Cost
BMT Rembrandt is a licensed software
Customers need to buy each version that is released
Significant computational power required
Not all computers can functionally operate the BMT Rembrandt software
Simulation can be misleading
Physics may not represent the real world
Views, movements and inputs can be manipulated by the creator/ consumer
The simulation only shows 2D model of accident, leaving out essential information
The simulation can only display the input data
This can be seen in the example simulation, the information about tug boat Mr Earl was not displayed
Strengths
Functionality
Environmental factors can be input
Fog, visibility, day and night, wind, shielding, swell and current
Topography visuals can be input to give a realistic view
Ship Design
BMT has a rich heritage of ship model testing and hydrodynamics
Features of ship engineering have been designed into the BMT Rembrandt Software
Importation of Ship Models
The BMT group designs and tailor-makes custom models for their simulations
BMT currently has bulk carrier, container ships, cruise ships, gas carriers, naval ships, passenger ships, tankers, tug boats, pilot boats, etc. available in their software
All models behaviours are calibrated from sea trail data and pilot cards
BMT provides personalised training and 24/7 support for customers
Certification
Certified navigation maritime simulator under DNV Class A, Class B, Class C and Class S
Bundesanstalt Fur Wasserbau (BAW), representative of the Federal Waterways and Shipping
The simulations can be scaled
The simulations can be created on a laptop, computer or bridge simulator
Information Collection
Real-time display of vessels can be uploaded from AIS module
Audio from bridge mics
Screen captures from electronic chart display and information systems
Radar Systems
Automatically reads VDR, Bathymetry and land profiles from ENC module to provide accurate environmental reconstruction
Time stamped data is automatically aligned
Compatible with LIDAR technology to allow port reconstruction
Clear and concise information display
Benefits / Usefulness
This software is used by the NTSB, ATSB and a number of other regulatory investigators
Developed for forensic investigations
3D cabin view is available to show the viewpoint of the Captain
The simulation can have weather and environmental factors to recreate the accident
The software has ' 6 degrees of freedom'
The model boats can have real-life ship handling such as squat, bank effects and swell impacts.
BMT Rembrandt is compatible with Radar, ECDIS and GMDSS modules for a complete simulation
Can be utilised as a training simulator as well as an forensic investigation software
Clear and Concise information display
Animation data displays can be customised for every types of simulation
Author's Credibility & Knowledge Base
National Transport Safety Bureau
The NTSB is the regulatory investigator for transportation accident in the United States of America
The NTSB has investigated over 152,000 transportation accidents since its establishment
The NTSB is a highly reputable organisation
Reference:
FARO Global Customer Service 2018, crash scene simulation and accident reconstruction in faro reality, video, 14th September, Viewed 11 April 2022, https ://youtu.be/83QQ_p5iynU.
Reference:
NTSBGov 2012, ntsb animation of collision between elka apollon and msc nederland, in the houston ship channel, video, 26th September, Viewed 11 April 2022, https ://youtu.be/R9I630Qy6Xg