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Narcotic Bowel Syndrome - Coggle Diagram
Narcotic Bowel Syndrome
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Symptoms
Primarily, abdominal pain
Constipation, gas and bloating, loss of appetite and/or weight, nausea and vomiting
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"(...) condition in which a person experiences increased abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal symptoms stemming from the intake of narcotic opioid medications."
Opioid is a medication used to control severe pain but, when its intake has the purpose of treating chronic pain it might generate negative effects on some people.
This results in...
"(...) changes to the nerves and muscles in the digestive tract leading to increased pain sensations and diminished response to further medication."
Treatment
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Other options are:
Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, psychological treatments, and naltrexone
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References
- Kurlander, J.E., Drossman, D.A. (2014). Diagnosis and treatment of narcotic bowel syndrome. Nature. Recovered from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2014.53
- Bolen, B. (2020). An Overview of Narcotic Bowel Syndrome. Verywell. Recovered from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-narcotic-bowel-syndrome-1945052
- Jacques, E. (2020). Types of Opioids Used for Chronic Pain Relief. Verywell. Recovered from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-opioids-chronic-pain-medications-2564496
- Grunkemeier, D. M., Cassara, J. E., Dalton, C. B., & Drossman, D. A. (2007). The narcotic bowel syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and management. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. Recovered from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2074872/