English Teaching Methodology

Grammar-translation method

accuracy
vocabulary
grammar

Translation
Cloze test
Reading comprehension
Grammar drills
Vocabulary drills

(DM) Direct method

Natural contexts
Emersion (Learning in full target-language environment)

vocabulary: No translation
Grammar: induction
Questioning prompts

Conversation practice
Dictation
Reciting
QA
Fill in the blanks

(ALM) Audiolingual method

Behaviour psychology
Habitual language
Structuralist linguistics

Speaking precedes R & W
Phonics→spelling→words→grammar
Emphasize: forms & structures
analogy & drills

Drills: repetition D→chain D→substitution D
Conversational practice

The Silent Way

Color coding (sounds & spelling)
Visually oriented

(TPR) Total Physical Response

Comprehension → Production
(focus on meaning)
Tracy theory
Behaviourism S-R-R

Imperatives
Verbs

(SLT) Situational L approach

to replace DM
Encourage: induction & comprehension
Speaking is the foundation
Draw on context

real objects
pictures
physical movements

(CLT) Communicative L approach

grammatical competence
discourse competence
strategic competence
sociolinguistic competence

3 learning principles:

  1. Communication
  2. Mission (Task based)
  3. Meaning

Authentic materials
Unscrambled passage (discourse analysis)
Role play