English Teaching Methodology
Grammar-translation method
accuracy
vocabulary
grammar
Translation
Cloze test
Reading comprehension
Grammar drills
Vocabulary drills
(DM) Direct method
Natural contexts
Emersion (Learning in full target-language environment)
vocabulary: No translation
Grammar: induction
Questioning prompts
Conversation practice
Dictation
Reciting
QA
Fill in the blanks
(ALM) Audiolingual method
Behaviour psychology
Habitual language
Structuralist linguistics
Speaking precedes R & W
☛ Phonics→spelling→words→grammar
Emphasize: forms & structures
analogy & drills
Drills: repetition D→chain D→substitution D
Conversational practice
The Silent Way
Color coding (sounds & spelling)
Visually oriented
(TPR) Total Physical Response
Comprehension → Production
(focus on meaning)
Tracy theory
Behaviourism S-R-R
Imperatives
Verbs
(SLT) Situational L approach
to replace DM
Encourage: induction & comprehension
Speaking is the foundation
Draw on context
real objects
pictures
physical movements
(CLT) Communicative L approach
grammatical competence
discourse competence
strategic competence
sociolinguistic competence
3 learning principles:
- Communication
- Mission (Task based)
- Meaning
Authentic materials
Unscrambled passage (discourse analysis)
Role play