ethnographic research
Observation Types
Types of interview
field identification
Construction of categories
Direct observation
Advantages
Disadvantages
It is possible to record behavior without your attendance.
It does not depend on the ability of the interviewer to give the information.
It does not depend on the interviewer's desire to give or not give information.
The subject neither influences nor is influenced by the instrument.
Difficulty knowing attitudes.
Difficulty writing down or recording information.
Difficulty of being present at any moment or interval in which the phenomenon occurs.
Selectivity problem, either of observation or perception.
Participant observation
It tends to be a combination of methods, or rather a style of investigation.
The central idea of participation is the penetration of the experiences of others in a group or institution.
Sharing vital activities necessarily implies the learning of language, rules and ways of behaving.
non-participant observation
The researcher only plays the role of researcher and observes situations of interest as such.
initial interview
They always revolve around trust, curiosity and naturalness.
Difficulty
It consists of how to appear as a human being, mature,
Well, that includes both an amount of interest.
The interviews are unstructured, designed to facilitate the
expression of personal opinions and facts with all sincerity and accuracy.
open interview
They are conversations or discussions, which best indicates a free, open, democratic, bidirectional and informal process, and in which individuals can express themselves as they are, without feeling tied to predetermined roles.
semi-structured interview
But when more formal interviews are scheduled, situations can be forced a bit to give students some power in relationships.
structured interview
It is necessary to establish contact and make people
feel comfortable.
It means start nicely and don't ask questions.
intimate or intimidating.
Interviewers seek to cultivate the art of listening.
Intervening dimensions
Recording of feelings, interpretations, intuitions,
researcher preconceptions and future areas of inquiry.
The researcher is likely to share many feelings and
perspectives with people on a stage.
Spaces and subjects
Each person conveys important things about themselves and makes assumptions about others based on dress, hair, jewelry, accessories, behavior, and general appearance.
Miscellaneous Records
Gestures, non-verbal communications, tone of voice and the speed of speech of people help interpret the meaning of their words.
Observers must record their own conduct in the field.
formal analysis
From the collection of data, the one that produces the most important apprehensions; can vary in degree of complexity.
Initial judgments must be made about the recorded data, which highlights another virtue of this practice: that it helps keep those judgments out of the data records.
rudimentary empirical
At this stage there may be no concept formation, import or discovery of theory, creation of new thoughts.
The goal is to give the material a form that is conducive to those ends, and this means arranging the data in a coherent, complete, logical, and succinct manner.
Parallel readings
Formulation of concepts.
The researcher will have to do some preliminary reading in order to gain insight into the field or approaches that have been taken.
Colleagues can be of great help in this interplay of ideas, be it in seminars, workshops, informal private consultations
Diagnostic tests
Concepts emerge from the field, are checked and re-checked in the light of further data, compared with other material, reinforced, or perhaps reformulated in another way.
They can contribute to the understanding of a field of social activity, since they are a special form of description that requires the purification of large amounts of material, analysis and abstraction.
Initial visions of solution
The nature of research as a process is an open dialogue between data collection and theory in which the search for ideas conspires against any anticipated conclusion.