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Rangkuman Pertap - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Deriving ideas, style, or taste from a board and diverse range of sources
      - Combine whatever seem the best or most useful things from many different areas or systems, rather than following a single system.
    - - Highly related and dependent processes must be integrated in a holistic manner
      - Have a clear understaning of the form of the desired final product. Any appropriate three dimensional form can be expressed by contours on a grading plan
      - A change in grade must be purposeful, whether for functional or aesthetic
  - - - Contour
        
        Definition
        
        A contour is an imaginary line that connects all poinst of equal elevation above or below a fixed refference plane or datum
        
        Signatures
        
        (a) Concave Slope - Cembung
        
        Convex slope - cekung
        
        Summit - Puncak
        
        Types
        
        Hill
        
        An area of land that is highet than the surrounding land
        
        Valley
        
        an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it
        
        Ridge
        
        A long raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain (sering disebut punggung gunung)
        
        Saddle
        
        Having a postition in which you are in control of something
        
        Depression
        
        Part of a surface that is slightly lower than the rest
        
        Draw
        
        To move in a particular direction
        
        Spur
        
        A high piece of land that sticks out from a mountain
        
        Cliff
        
        a high area of rock with a very steep side
        
        Cut
        
        To break the surface of something
        
        Fill
        
        To make or become full
        
        Garis Kontur menyatakan tempat kedudukan yang memiliki ketinggiand sekian dari permukaan laut dengan satuan dpl
      - Conturs & Form
        
        Horizontal/Vertical Road Alignment
        
        Interpolation and Slopes (Slopes formula Application) Harus dibahas
        
        Landform Design
        
        Storm Water Managemennt
        
        Grading Constraints (Grading Design and Process)
        
        Interpolasi garis-garis kontur
  - - - The Natural Development
        
        Ecological system of water, air, energy, land, vegetation and life form - interact to form a community that adapts and evolves as the ecological system
        
        The concern is to maintain an essential harmony of the system to support human acticity
      - The Man Made Environment
        
        Comprise the built forms of the city, the physical fabric and its spatial arrangement together with the social, political, economic behavior patterns that shape the physical environment
      - Sketch Site-Plan
        
        Building Location
        
        Vehicular Circulation & Parking
        
        Pedestrian Circulation
        
        Grading & Drainage
        
        Utilities
        
        Energy Distribution network
        
        Landscaping
        
        Physical Security
        
        Outdoor Spaces
        
        Site amenities
      - Concept Site-Plan
        
        Construction Lines
        
        Buildings
        
        Vehicular Circulation & Parking
        
        Pedestrian Circulation
        
        Grading and Drainage
        
        Utilities
        
        Energy Conservation
        
        Planting
        
        Physical Security
        
        Outdoor Spaces
        
        Site amenities
      - Construction Documents
        
        Site Plans
        
        Site Details
        
        Site Specification
    - - 3A
        
        Spatial Relationships Diagrams
      - 3B
        
        Sketch Site-Plan
        
        Concept Site-Plan
      - 4
        
        Site Construction Documents
  - - - Terkait dengan topografi, pengaruh kemiringan lahan terhadap akses kendaraan/manusia
    - - Runoff water circulation design
        
        Fenomena alami sirkulasi air
        
        Aliran air permukaan
        
        Aliran air bawah tanah
        
        Resapan air
        
        Penguapan air
        
        Tangkapan air via kanopi vegetasi
    - - The shaping of the eart surface by site planners, this shaping have to understand aesthetic,design prinsiples but also ecological sensitivity and technical competency
    - - Optimizing particular purposes - access, fit, sense, control, maintenance
      - Exploring means - natural forms are rich of ecologically possibility
    - - Show all existing and proposed features of the site
        
        All buildings & structure
        
        Ciculation : Walks, steps, roads
        
        utilities : water, sewe, storm drainage, and electrical lines
        
        Utility structures: manholes, meter pots, unction boxes
        
        Underground structures: vaults, septic system, fuel storage tanks
    - - enchances human activity settings
        
        Slide
        
        Topple
        
        Creep
        
        Flow
        
        Fall
        
        Slump
      - Contoh mengenai pencegahan tanah longsor (halaman 26)
  - - - Don't force a building design and size on a site that cannot acoomodate it
        
        Desain Pola Sirkulasi
    - - Proper drainage > through design to treat rainwater and to capture and store rainwater for re-use
    - - Native and edible plan or plant species that are declining in the natural environment
- - - - Who will use this site-what classes of people- demographic classification-type of users
        
        How its users will act in it and value it
        
        Who interact with the place anyway
        
        Which users have different values and purpose
        
        How do we rank users in terms of their importance
      - Fundamental criteria shared by all human users:
        
        Habitability - vital support of place
        
        Kriteria
        
        Biological Requirements
        
        Ergonomics
        
        Supporting human vital functions
        
        Dinilai dari tingkat fungsionalistik dan tingkat adaptabilitasnya
        
        Dampak negatif: Peningkatan polusi udara, kontaminasi air bersih
        
        The sense of place - preceptual identity
        
        Kriteria
        
        Sensuous Characteristics
        
        Not mere esthetics
        
        Psychological/Environmental Identity
        
        Observasi dan pemahaman identitas fisik yang dapat/mudah dikenali, diingat, atraktif, bermakna, terkait dengan fungsi ipoleksosbud
        
        A good fit with user actions - behavioral contex
        
        Kriteria
        
        Purposeful behavior
        
        A systematic study of behaviour
        
        Observasi dan pemahaman pola kebiasaan maupun model kultur setempat
        
        Accessibility of the site - Spatial orientation
        
        Kriteria
        
        Social interactions
        
        various systems of utilities
        
        A quality of traffic / circulation
        
        Dinilai dengan tingkat pencapaian berbagai kategori mis: Pelayanan publik & personal, sumber-sumber daya potensial & strategis
        
        The control of the site - ecological context
        
        Kriteria
        
        Responsible control by actual users
        
        The incapacities of users
        
        Sesuai dengan dinamika kualitas lingkungan yang semakin sulit dikendalikan
      - Metoda analisis pengguna
        
        Indirect Observation
        
        Direct Observation
        
        Behaviour Setting
        
        Patterns of behaviour
        
        Pattern of Movement
    - - Human Activity and Land Use Change, the important distinction between land use and land cover
        
        Land cover refers to the land's physical attributes
        
        Land use expresses the way such attributes have been transformed by human action
        
        The role of population mobility in land use change
    - - How the Environment supports social interactions
      - How and where people communicate with each other
  - - - Seperangkat keputusan kesepakatan antar pemilik, pengguna, perencana, dan penyandang dana atas kegiatan fungsional yang akan diterapkan pada lahan terkait
    - - Population
      - Package
      - Financial Analysis
      - Performance requirements
      - Measures & Values
      - Type of projects
      - Preparing the program
      - Market Analysis
      - Critical Path Analysis
    - - Kampung
    - - Program Gedung
        
        Struktur - Bentuk - Fungsi
        
        Mekanikal-Elektrikal-Pemipaan
        
        Tata Ruang Dalam - Material
        
        Jumlah & Besar MASSA
      - Program Tapak & Lingkungan
        
        GSB-GMB-KDB-KLB-KDH-KTB-KWT-KKOP-FIC-SEP
        
        Infrastruktur Lahan
        
        Tata Ruang Luar
        
        Lanskap Tapak dan Lingkungan
        
        Topografi- Proposed Countour
      - Program Sirkulasi Tapak & Lingkungan (ini bisa di bahas di sirkulasi sih)
        
        Sirkulasi Pejalan Kaki -Kendaraan - Darurat
        
        Lapangan (Parkir-Ruang Kumpul Keselamatan)
        
        Sirkulasi Air Permukaan - Drainase
        
        Sirkulasi Air Bersih
        
        Sirkulasi Air Kotor, Limbah, Sampah
        
        Sirkulasi Energi-Elektrikal
    - - Program Requitements
        
        Facility Requirements
        
        Primary Facilities
        
        Support Facilities
        
        Circulation & Parking
        
        Operational Requirements
        
        Physical Security
        
        Noise Abatament
        
        Future Expansion
        
        Functional Relationships of Functional-Units
      - Site Analysis
        
        Site Reconnaissance
        
        Site Inventory and Analysis
        
        Offsite Condition
        
        Surrounding Land Use
        
        Transportation
        
        Utilities
        
        Enviromental Condition
        
        Archeological/Historic Resources
        
        Air, Noise Light Pollution
        
        Visual Context
        
        Onsite Condition
        
        Geology
        
        Topography
        
        Hidrology
        
        Soils
        
        Climate/Microclimate
        
        Vegetation
        
        Wildlife Habitat
        
        Archological/Historic Sites
        
        Visual Orientation
        
        Site Verification
    - - 1
        
        Project Development Brochure
        
        Term of Refference
      - 2
        
        2a
        
        Functional Relationship Diagram
        
        2b
        
        Site Survey Map
        
        Condition Analysis Maps
        
        Site Opportiunities & Constrains Plan
  - - - Site Design deals with three elements
        
        The pattern of activity
        
        The pattern of circulation
        
        The pattern of sensible form that support them
      - Design
        
        Design Begins in the programming
        
        Programs area modified as design progresses
        
        Solutions frequently begin with metaphors,and the logic of the metaphor guides its elaboration
        
        Design is a dialctic of framing and making
        
        Metaphor
        
        Design Method
        
        The Great majority of environmental designs (Adaptation)
        
        Series of prototype (A Pattern language) Christipopher Alexxander
        
        A traditional method of subdivision (Modular Division)
        
        Method of disaggregation (Division by separated aspects)
        
        Activity layour with circulation devices (accentuating topography)
        
        Optimizing particular purposes (access, fit, sense, control, maintenance)
        
        Exploring means (Narutal forms are rich of ecologically possibility)
      - Penganalan Dasar (Basic Identification)
        
        Perumusan Perkara (Descriptive Issues Formulation
        
        Koleksi Data (Collecting of Physical Data & Others)
        
        Pemograman dan Pemetaan (Programing & Maping)
        
        Perumusan Fakta & Nilai (Formulation of Facts & Values)
        
        Program & Rangkuman Grafis
        
        Program kualitatif dan kuantitatif
        
        Rencana Skematik
        
        Pengembangan Rencana dan Desain
        
        Rencana dan Rancangan detail
        
        Rencana pengelolaan & pemeliharaan
        
        RAB & Spesifikasi
        
        Dokumen Pelelangan / "Tender"
        
        Rencana Pelaksanaan & Supervisi
        
        Evaluasi Kualitas Lingkungan
      - Rupa Topografi
        
        Pembentukan Kontur Baru
        
        Topographic map
        
        Telling accurately the location of both natural objects and artificial structures
        
        Roads, Railway, Power transmission lives
        
        Contours,elevations, rivers, lakes, geographical names
        
        Two dimensional representation of the earth's three dimensional landscape
        
        Sketsa (sirkulasi dan tata massa)
        
        Program
        
        Skematik Rencana Blok
        
        Topography & Hydrology Analysis
        
        Slope to large extent, influence the type of development and support system a site can sustain
        
        <1% (poor drainage)
        
        1-5% little regrading
        
        5-10% some regrading
        
        10-20% substnsial regrading
        
        20% massive regrading
      - Visual Conditions Analysis
        
        General geologic, topographic and vegetative character
        
        Boundaries of the viewshed
        
        Good and poor site-specific views and their potential for enhancement or mitigation
        
        Special visual features such as water bodies
      - Vegetation
        
        Climate modification
        
        Social enrichment
        
        Wildlife sustenance
        
        Reduction of wind and water erosion
        
        Spatial definition
        
        Creation of a pleasant physical and psychological environment
        
        Site opportunities and constraints plan
        
        Site Verfication
        
        Identifies the impacts that may occur as the result of a change in one or more elements
        
        The relationship between various site elements and specific environmental objectives for site development
        
        Maintaining existing drainage patterns, restricting facilities to certain slopes, and augmenting existing vegetation
    - - Site Verification
        
        Size and Shape - Accessibility
        
        Land Use - Topography
        
        Floodplains - Water
        
        Erosion - Soils
        
        Environment Hazard
      - Preferred Alternative
        
        Combines several aspect of alternatives 1 and 2
        
        Locates facilities in the prime development area
        
        Vehicular circulation to the perimeter
        
        Uninterupted pedestrian circulation
        
        Opportunity to maximize the recreational benefits
        
        Uses parking areas to buffer the residental area