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image, SPAIN: THE BOURBON RESTORATION - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: THE BOURBON RESTORATION
WHAT IS?
The first Republic ended in december 1874
After a military uprising which proclaimed Alfonso XIII (Isabel II's son) king of Spain
The person behind the Bourbon Restoration was the politician Cánovas del Castillo
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII AND THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA
The reign of Alfonso XII was a period of political stability for Spain
No military uprising
The Constitution of 1876 recognised a constitutional monarchy as the only legal form of government
Shared sovereignty between the monarch and the Cortes
Bipartisanship was established; a system of two alternating official political parties
Caciquismo in rural areas allowed elections to be manipulated
The groups that supported the Canovist system and the reign of Alfonso XII were the army,
Opposition from republicans, anarchists and socialists, who were excluded from politics by this system
After the death of Alfonso XII in 1885
Cánovas del Castillo and Sagasta signed the Pact of El Pardo
An agreement to support the regency of María Cristina of Austria
She was regent until her son Alfonso XIII came of age in 1902
THE DISASTER OF 98
During the regency of María Cristina of 98 took place, which originated from a colonial conflict, the war with Cuba and the Philippines
Causes and development of the conflict
The demand of the Cuban Creole bourgeoisie for political autonomy
The rejection of the demands of the Creole bourgeoisie y the dominant Spanish class because the colonial economy favoured the sale of their products
Consequences of defeat
Demoralisation of the Spanish people due to the loss of human life and the disastrous action of the Spanish government
Appearance of regenerationism
Economic crisis caused by the loss of the colonial market
The involvement of the USA
The US was the biggest buyer of Cuban sugar and tobacco
The US Government offered to buy the island from Spain
Spanish government refused to sell, the United States decided to support the Spanish colony in its fight for independence
he excuse for the United States to enter the war was the accidental explosion of the American warship Maine
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII (1902-1931)
What is?
Alfonso XIII became king in 1902
Faced with a series of problems which led to the end of the constitutional monarchy
Established by his father Alfonso XII
Political conflict
The Constitution of 1876 was still in effect
The system of alternating governments began to collapse due to internal divisions in both parties
Parties that increased their members
The socialist Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE)
Republican parties, advocated the establishment of a republic
Regionalist parties advocated autonomy for their region
The development of the workers movement
The workers' movement continued to fight for better working conditions with the use of demonstrations, strikes and, violence
The trade unions supported and coordinated the movement
Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT),
They achieved some important concessions, including
An eight-hour working day and six-day working week.
Creation of a pension system for retired workers
New laws to regulate female and child labour.
Legal recognition for trade unions.
War in Morocco
Spanish government decided to regain international prestige by trying to obtain new territorie
Morocco was divided between Spain and France, at the Conference of Algeciras in 1906
Spain established a protectorate over its newly acquired territories in Morocco
The war had negative consequences for Spain.
Tragic Week (1909)
Spanish reservists were sent to the war in Morocco and in Barcelona there was a popular protest led by workers and families of soldiers
Annual disaster (1921)
Spanish troops were defeated at Annual in Morocco, and many soldiers lost their lives
The military problem
Spanish public opinion was very critical of the army because of its defeats in Morocco
Because of the extensive involvement of the military in Spanish political life as the army was charged
Compulsory military service also created discontent
The accumulation of problems created a climate of political instability
The coup was led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera
IMPORTANT
Regionalism and nationalism were a response to the centralism of the Canovist system
Catalan nationalism
Enric Prat de la Riba wrote the Bases de Manresa
He called for Catalan autonomy
Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya was founded, led by Francesc Cambó
Basque nationalism
The independence of País Vasco
Sabino Arana founded the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV)
Galician nationalism
Fought to protect Galician identity and tried to gain autonomy
Asociación Regionalista Gallega was formed
. Its leaders were Alfredo Brañas and Alfonso Castel
Andalusian
Wanted to solve social problems
No political party was formed until the 20th century
