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THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII, image, image, image, image, image, image -…
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII
When Alfonso XIII
became king in 1902
he was faced with a series of problems
which eventually led to the end of
the constitutional monarchy
established by his father
Alfonso XII
War in Morocco
Following the Disaster of 98
the loss of its last colonies
the Spanish government
decided to regain international prestige
by trying to obtain new territories
after Morocco was divided
between
Spain
France
at the Conference of Algeciras
in 1906
Spain established a protectorate
over its newly acquired territories
in Morocco
1912
Spain's presence in Morocco
Tragic Week
1909
Spanish reservists
were sent to the war in Morocco and
in Barcelona there was a popular protest
led by
workers
families of soldiers
which was brutally suppressed
by the army
Annual disaster
1921
Spanish troops
were defeated at Annual
in Morocco
many soldiers lost their lives
was opposed by the local population
which led to the outbreak of war
(1909–1927)
The development of the workers' movement
During the reign of Alfonso XIII
the workers' movement continued
to fight for better working conditions
with the use of
demonstrations
violence
in some cases
strikes
The trade unions and
supported
coordinated
the movement
in particular
UGT
the socialist Unión General de Trabajadores
the anarchist syndicate
CNT
the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
The important concessions
an eight-hour working day
six-day working week
the creation of a pension system
for retired workers
new laws to regulate and
female
child
labour
legal recognition
for trade unions
Political conflict
The Constitution of 1876
was still in effect
but the system
of alternating governments
began to collapse due to
internal divisions in both parties
the Liberals
under Jose Canalejas
the Conservatives
under Eduardo Dato
political parties
the socialist Partido Socialista Obrero Español
PSOE
which advocated the access of
the working class to political power
In 1921
the socialist left divided
the Partido Comunista Español
PCE
was formed
republican parties
which advocated the establishment
of a republic
regionalist parties
which advocated autonomy for their region
for example:
PNV
the Partido Nacionalista Vasco
LRC
the Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya
The government
allowed the creation of regional associations
such as
the Mancomunidad de Cataluña
1914
The military problem
Spanish public opinion
was very critical of the army
because
of its defeats in Morocco
of the extensive involvement of the military
in Spanish political life
as the army was charged
with repressing
demonstrations
strikes
Compulsory military service
also created discontent
as it mostly affected the
poor
members of the working class
Wealthier people
could avoid military service
by paying a special fee
This practice was abolished in 1912
The accumulation of problems
created a climate of
political instability
Ultimately
the government was
overthrown by
a military coup
in 1923
The coup was
led by General
Miguel Primo de Rivera
approved of by the king
After the coup
Primo de Rivera established
a dictatorship
