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Spain: The Bourbon Restoration
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII AND THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA
Canovist system
Constitution of 1876
Bipartisanship
Caciquismo
After the death of Alfonso XII in 1885
Pact of El Pardo
regency of María Cristina of Austria
THE DISASTER OF 98
THE CAUSES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONFLICT
The demands of the Cuban Creole bourgeoisie for
political autonomy
economic freedom
The rejection of the demands of the Creole bourgeoisie
Cuban War (1895–1898)
Led by José Martí
Treaty of Paris (1898)
THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFEAT
The demoralization of the Spanish people
Regenerationism
The economic crisis caused by the loss of the colonial market
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
The United States Government offered to buy the island from Spain
The excuse for the United States to enter the war was the accidental explosion of the American warship Maine
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XIII
Political conflict
Constitution of 1876
Political Parties
Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE)
Partido Comunista Español (PCE)
Republican parties
Regionalist parties
Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV)
Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya (LRC)
The development of the workers' movement
Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT)
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)
Concessions
an eight-hour working day and six-day working week.
the creation of a pension system for retired workers.
new laws to regulate female and child labour.
legal recognition for trade unions.
War in Morocco
Tragic Week (1909)
Annual disaster (1921)
The military problem
military coup in 1923
General Miguel Primo de Rivera
