Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Spain: The bourbon restoration, image , image , image , image , image…
Spain: The bourbon restoration
The First Spanish Republic ended in December 1874
The person behind the Bourbon Restoration was the politician Cánovas del Castillo
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII (1875–1885) AND THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA (1885–1902)
The reign of Alfonso XII was a period of political stability for Spain
The Constitution
of 1876 recognised a constitutional monarchy as the only legal form of government
Bipartisanship
a system of two alternating official political parties.
Caciquismo
in rural areas allowed elections to be manipulated
After the dead of Alfonso XIII the Pact of El Pardo was signed
an agreement to support the regency of María Cristina of Austria
The Disaster of 98
The pro-independence forces were led by José Martí
The two sides met in conflict during the Cuban War
(1895–1898).
The causes and development
the rejection of the demands of the Creole bourgeoisie by the dominant Spanish class
the demands of the Cuban Creole bourgeoisie for political autonomy
Originated from a colonial conflict, the war with Cuba and the Philippines.
The consequences of defeat
It had important repercussions
the appearance of regenerationism, an intellectual and critical movement
the economic crisis caused by the loss of the colonial market
the demoralisation of the Spanish people due to the loss of human life
The involvement of the united states
The United States was the biggest buyer of Cuban sugar and tobacco.
The United States Government offered to buy the island from Spain
The excuse for the United States to enter the war was the accidental explosion of the American warship Maine
The reign of Alfonso XIII
When Alfonso XIII became king in 1902, he was faced with a series of problems
Political conflict
The Constitution of 1876 was still in effect
Some parties were increasing their members and political activity,
the socialist Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE)
the socialist left divided and the Partido Comunista Español (PCE) was formed.
regionalist parties for example, partido nacionalista vasco (PNV)
republican parties
The development of the workers movement
The trade unions supported and coordinated the movement,
Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT)
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)
They achieved some important concessions
an eight-hour working day and six-day working week.
the creation of a pension system for retired workers.
legal recognition for trade unions.
new laws to regulate female and child labour
The war of Morocco
Morocco was divided between Spain and France
Spain's presence in Morocco was opposed by the local population, which led to the outbreak of war
It had negative consequences
Annual disaster (1921): Spanish troops were defeated at Annual in Morocco
Tragic Week (1909): Spanish reservists were sent to the war in Morocco
The military problem
Spanish public opinion was very critical of the army because of its defeats in Morocco
The accumulation of problems created a climate of political instability
the government was overthrown by a military coup
The coup was led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera and approved of by the king.