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The First World War, The pre-war crises, Alliances, image, image, image,…
The First World War
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR
Competition for the Balkans
By the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire
Alsace-Lorraine
France wanted to recover this region
Great Britain saw the supremacy of its merchant navy threatened by Germany
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
He was assassinated in Sarajevo
On 28 July 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia.
PHASES OF THE WAR
Initial German offensives (1914)
Schlieffen Plan
First Battle of the Marne
Trench warfare (1915–16)
The use of Trenches
New military tactics
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies (1917)
In 1917, the United States decided to join the war on the side of the Allies
Peace of Brest-Litovsk
The end of the war and the Armistice (1918)
Second Battle of the Marne
On 11 November 1918, the Armistice was signed
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY DURING THE WAR (War Economy)
Production of military equipment and supplies
Agricultural and consumer goods production decreased
Governments intervened to control the distribution of basic goods and food
THE PEACE SETTLEMENT
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
To decide on the peace conditions
Woodrow Wilson
Fourteen Points
Paris Peace Settlement
Germany - Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles established particularly severe terms for Germany
prohibition of heavy artillery, planes and submarines
payment of huge economic reparations
reduction of its territories, with the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France and the loss of the Sudetenland
demilitarization of the region of the Rhineland
division of its eastern territories into two parts in order to give Poland access to the sea
Austria - Treaty of Saint Germain
Hungary - Treaty of Trianon
Bulgaria - Treaty of Neuilly
Ottoman Empire - Treaty of Sèvres
THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR
Social and Economic
Decrease in population
Destruction of the cities
Incorporation of women in the workplace
Loss of Europe's economic power
Territorial
Redistribution of the colonies
The new map of Europe
The pre-war crises
1908
Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
1905
Germany wanted to keep Morocco out of France's control
1911
Germany recognized Morocco as a French protectorate
1912–13
Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire for the possession of its territories in the Balkans
Alliances
The Allies
Serbia was allied with the Triple Entente + Belgium, Japan, Italy, Romania, the United States, Greece, Portugal, China, and various Latin American republics
The Central Powers
The Austro-Hungarian Empire allied with the German and Ottoman Empire
