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The Russian Revolution
BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
The economy
was semi-feudal
Around 1890, industrialisation began
bourgeoisie of
business owners
concentrated in St Petersburg
helped the proletariat
to become organised.
agricultural land was owned by
a wealthy minority and worked by a peasant majority
There was
social unrest
poverty and paid high taxes
workers suffered hard working conditions
the population were
peasants who lived in
low wages and long working days.
The government
was autocratic
political parties were repressed
the tsar had unlimited
power and authority
had to meet in secret or
emigrate to other countries.
Civil rights were not recognised
THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
The appearance
of political parties
various political parties were created
which opposed the tsar.
despite being forbidden
, various political
They were unhappy about the lack of rights
miserable conditions
that most Russians lived in.
The 1905
Revolution
in St Petersburg moved peacefully
on the Winter Palace
to ask for improvements in working
in January 1905 the industrial workers
conditions and political reform.
The protesters were brutally suppressed
The Russo-Japanese
War (1904–1905)
All of this led to increased public
hostility towards the tsar
new taxes were imposed in
order to pay for the conflict
Russia and Japan fought for control
defeat highlighted a
badly organised army
Participation in the
First World War
in 1914 the Russian Empire took
part in the First World War
allied with Great Britain and France
15 million soldiers were mobilised
, most of them conscripted peasants.
The continuous
defeats the army
tsar caused further discontent
among the people.
THE 1917 REVOLUTIONS
The October Revolution
called the Council of
People's Commissars
established a new proletarian
government
Lenin's government
to sign the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk with Germany
, which allowed
Russia to withdraw
Russia agreed to give
territory to Germany
to expropriate land and
redistribute
of industries to the workers' committees.
it among the peasants
and give the control
to change the name of the
make it the only
legal political party.
Bolshevik party to the
Communist Party
to found the Third
International
parties around the world
to coordinate all the communist
The February Revolution:
Tsar Nicholas II was
forced to abdicate
In March 1917, a provisional
made up of liberals and Menshevik
socialists led by the socialist
Alexander Kerensky.
The new government proclaimed
Russia a republic
they legalised political parties
of the year with universal
male suffrage
Constituent assembly that would
write a constitution
THE CREATION
OF THE USSR
Economy
which allowed some capitalist systems
to exist to increase production.
The state controlled
the important
industries
foreign trade
banks
Lenin was forced to postpone
the implementation
of socialism because of the
shortage of food caused
by the civil war
Territorial organisation
The USSR was a federal state
that included Russia
accepted the soviet system
it respected their autonomy
and right to self-determination.
The federal system resolved the problems
of former nationalities of the Russian Empire
Political organisation
main characteristics
political power was
held by the soviets
(controlled by the proletariat),
whichhad the power
choose the people who held
executive power.
The Communist Party
of the Soviet Union
was the only political party
represented the interests of the workers.
The political organisation
of the USSR
establishment of a proletariat
dictatorship
practice Marxist ideas
