Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

im so pale, Anemia, Poor diet, Excessive blood loss, image, image, image,…

- - - - 10% absorbed
    - - have
        
        higher iron requirment
  - - - transfer into Fe2+ by
        
        Duodenal Cyt B
  - - - uses
        
        Heme Carrier Protein 1 (HCP1)
    - - uses
        
        Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1)
    - - Ascorbic acid and cysteine
      - HCL
    - - gastrointestinal diseases
      - Achlorohydria : The deficiency of HCL
  - - - by
        
        Ferroportin 1
    - - by
        
        Ferroxidase
    - - to
        
        Liver
        
        Bone marrow
  - - - index of body iron stores
      - Primarily intracellular Protein
    - - Insoluble form of Ferritin
      - commonly found in macrophages
  - - - synthesized from
        
        Liver
      - Moa
        
        Block ferroportin
        
        ↓ concentration of iron in plasma
        
        ↓ of iron absorption in the intestine
- - - - Gold standard
        
        Bone marrow iron staining
      - RBC indices (MCV-MCH-MCHC-RDW)
        
        Sensitivity = 73.8%, specificity = 92%
      - Iron study (serum ferritin)
        
        Sensitivity = 60%, specificity = 96 -98%
      - Blood film
        
        Sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 92.3%
- - - - More common in non-qatari and low income families.
- - - - possible exposure to toxic household chemicals (laundry starch or clay)
      - Exercise intolerance, syncope, easy fatigue
      - Pagophagia or Cold intolerance
      - Family history
      - History of fever
      - Patients occupation, age,sex, ethnicity and hobbies, prior medical history any medications
      - Multiple pregnancy menorrhagia
      - Blood loss or bleeding tendencies
    - - Rectal and pelvic exam as a tumor in these regions could be causing anemia
      - Tachycardia, cardiomegaly, murmurs
      - Examine optic fundi and check for Neuropathy
      - Hepatomegaly, adenopathy
      - Underdevelopment, malnutrition and Bone tenderness
      - Skin and mucous membrane
        
        bruises
        
        cheliosis
        
        purpura
        
        kolonichiya
        
        petechiae
        
        smooth or beefy tongue
        
        jaundice
        
        telengectasia
        
        pallor
    - - depends on the onset of anemia , cause and the individual
        
        acute onset anemia
        
        dyspnea
        
        lightheadedness
        
        tachycardia
        
        chronic onset anemia
        
        headache
        
        vertigo
        
        weakness
        
        syncope
        
        fatigue
    - - such as
        
        peripheral blood smear
        
        which is
        
        a thin film of blood that is examined under microscope to know the morphology of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
        
        Fecal occult blood test
        
        is used to
        
        role out colon cancer or polyps
        
        Complete Blood Count
        
        measures the number of
        
        RBCs
        
        WBCs
        
        Platelets
        
        Hemoglobin
        
        Hematocrit
    - - such as
        
        bone marrow biopsy
        
        is needed when
        
        the cause of anemia cannot be diagnosed from other tests
        
        iron studies
        
        red cell folate
        
        serum vitamin B12
- - - - used to treat
        
        Patient with severe anemia
    - - include
        
        Iron deficiency
        
        many drugs can treat iron deficiency anemia
        
        the difference between them is
        
        the iron formulations
        
        recommended dose
        
        is
        
        150 – 180 mg/ day
        
        examples
        
        carbonyl iron 100%
        
        ferrous fumarate 33%
        
        ferrous sulfate 20%
        
        ferric ammonium citrate 18%
        
        ferrous gluconate 12%
        
        Folate/ vitamin B9 deficiency
        
        Non-toxic
        
        excreted in urine/ feces.
        
        Vitamin B12 deficiency
        
        cyanocobalamin
        
        hydroxocobalamin
        
        ex.
        
        Non-toxic
        
        Erythropoietin deficiency
        
        Human Erythropoietin
        
        ex.
        
        Darbepoetin
- - - - IL-3, SCF, Erthropoietin
        
        Burst forming unit-erthroid
        
        Erthropoietin
        
        Colony forming unit Erthroid
        
        Late stage
        
        Proerthroblast
        
        2 more items...
- - - - Pancytopenia
  - - - Reduce RBCs number
        
        Burr cells
  - - - Imparied IF production
      - poor diet
      - Gastrectomy
    - - Pregnancy
      - Inadequate dietary intake
      - Alcoholism
  - - - Women
      - Infants and children
      - Vegetarians
      - frequent blood donors