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how are genes inherited? - Coggle Diagram
how are genes inherited?
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meiosis
Meiosis allows for genetic diversity through crossing over. The cells undergo a process similar to mitosis twice, which results in daughter cells that have half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. Crossing over is when homologous chromosomes swap out the same gene to increase genetic variation.
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inheritance patterns
codominant, which involves genes that are expressed and can contribute to the organism
sex-linked, which are genes that are only found on the X-chromosome
Simple dominant/recessive, which is when you need one allele for the dominant trait and two alleles for the recessive trait
lethal dominant/recessive, which is when the offspring is either not born (dominant) or dies a few years after birth (recessive).
Nondisjunction is the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes.
Traits are determined by genes inherited from the parents. People have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Dominant traits are traits that only need one gene to be expressed, and recessive traits are traits that need two traits to be expressed.
rearranged chromosomes
balanced rearrangement
robertsonian translocation, when the short part of two chromosomes break off and the remaining long arms come together
translocation, where pieces of two different chromosomes break off and switch places
inversion, where a piece of the chromosome breaks away, turns, and goes back into place
unbalanced rearrangement
insertion, when there is extra genetic information
deletion, when there is missing genetic information
Punnett squares are a way to see how genotypes can be crossed over and what the outcome on offspring could be.
DiHybrid crosses examine two traits at the same time. The two traits are independent from each other.