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Language🗣📖 - Coggle Diagram
Language
🗣📖
Scientists
👩🔬
Paul Broca
French neurologist🇫🇷
1861
Had patient who could only say the word “tan”🤖
Discovered Broca’s Area
Karl Wernicke
German neurologist🇩🇪
10 yrs after Broca
Had patient who could produce words but together they didn’t have any meaning🤪
Discovered Wernicke’s Area
Aphasia
Language disorders due to brain damage
Symptoms depend on which area is damaged
Usually result of stroke
Wernicke's Aphasia
❌Damage == at Wernicke's Area
Symptoms
Poor comprehension🙉
Fluent speech
No grammar errors✅
Meaningless speech🤨
Broca's Aphasia
❌Damage == at Broca's Area
Symptoms
Good comprehension👍
Speech is NOT fluent
❌Grammar errors
Difficulty writing✏️
Comprehension + Production of Language
Broca's Area
Controls speech's motor functions👄
Needs to communicate w/ muscles
Reason why its close to motor cortex
Located in left frontal lobe🧠
Involved in grammar✏️
Wernicke's Area👂
Controls language comprehension
Translates auditory info into meaningful language🎧
Located in left temporal lobe🧠
Next to auditory cortex
Wernicke-Geschwind Model
Which brain areas are used in different language tasks + which order
Repeating spoken word🗣
Auditory cortex👂
Sounds are understood as words in Wernicke's Area
Broca's Area
Via Arcuate fasciculus
Motor cortex
Repeating written word✏️
Primary visual cortex👀
Angular gyrus "translates" btwn visual + auditory areas
Wernicke's Area
Broca's Area
Via Arcuate fasciculus
Motor cortex
Genes
🧬
FOXP2 mutations 🦊
Leads to less grey matter in basal ganglia, cerebellum, + Broca's area
Verbal dyspraxia👄❌
Difficulty in making + coordinating precise movements needed to produce clear speech w/ mouths
Born w/ symptoms like Broca's Aphasia
Split-Brain Experiments
✂️
Corpus callosum cut for epilepsy treatment
Conducted by Roger Sperry + Michael Gazzaniga🧑🔬
Word shown in right visual field
What did you see?
I saw the word✅
Left hemisphere is dominant for verbal processing
Word shown in left visual field
What did you see?
I didn't see anything❎
But I can draw what it was w/ left hand🎨
Right hemisphere cannot share info w/ left anymore❌