The soils of the stony surfaces of the remains are covered with siliceous rubble - "gibber". In the central part of the continent, long brown-red sand ridges with spinifex curtains separate purple-green bands of eucalyptus, acacia and casuarin along dry cries. Endemic species of quinoa and salt marshes grow on the clay salt marshes of drying lakes. A unique feature of Australia is the absence of deserts on the west coast of the tropics (similar to the Attacks, the Namib), here they are replaced by semi-deserts. The vegetation of the semi-deserts is represented by cereals, wormwood, salt marshes, acacias and eucalyptus malli-scrubs on red and brown gravelly desert soils. In the north, east and south, semi-deserts replace sparse forests with single eucalyptus, acacia and casuarina on red, reddish-brown, reddish-brown and relict dark humus-rich soils. The latter soils are very fertile, they are rich in phosphorus deficient for continental soils and do not require artificial fertilizers. The sparse forests along the river watersheds reach the eastern Pacific coast, where the podzolic soils turn into mountain forests. Dense grass cover is represented by high (up to 1.5 m tall) cereals: Mitchell, Kangaroo, Blue (Andropogon) and Flinders grass. In the south, in the subtropical zone, due to lack of moisture, impassable scrapers and heather-like meadows spread on fertile chestnut, brown, gray-brown and relict red-brown soils in the southwest.
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