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Kotze's guidelines to quantitative academic article - Coggle Diagram
Kotze's guidelines to quantitative academic article
1. TITLE
8-15 words
formal, specific & reflect main theme
basic structure
what
how
with whom
where/in what context
2. ABSTRACT
Short summary of article
200-250 words
7 elements of abstract
start with brief theme sentence
indicate main theme
academic importance
methodology
main findings
implications
4. INTRODUCTION
500-1000 words
executive summary
elements of intro
broad theme / topic of study
when writing, think of the non academics
avoid technical jargon
introduce RP by steps
examples for unfamiliar context
catchy opening statements
explain academic & practical importance
lack of research
inconsistencies
lit gap
quote appropriate industry statistics
Summarise lit & cites important previous studies
very concise
most recent studies (3-5 yrs)
directly relevant to research
indicates gaps, inconsistencies or controversies
explain main contribution
address
SPECIFIC
gaps
explicitly
state major gaps
why is it important??
indicate clearly:
core research problem
Problem statement
grammatically complete sentence
Core RQ
single Qs
specific objectives
bulleted
appropriate obj phrase. i.e: to determine
general >>> most specific
4 or 5 core obj
1 obj, 1 issue
logically flow frm RQ
research obj =/ managerial obj
context
country/industry/org/group of consumers
units of analysis
outline of article structure
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
1000 - 1500 words
Good LR
critically evaluates
reorganises
synthesise
challenges of compiling LR
finding appropriate lit
EBSCOHOST
sciencedirect
proquest
Google Scholar
manage info
limit time period
keep record of complete ref.
present logical, synthesised & reader-friendly review
aspects to include
discussion of
where the topic fits in overall academic discipline
conceptual definition
synthesised relevant previous studies
relationship b2ween constructs
mediating/moderating var that influence rx
differences b2ween constructs
context the constructs previously 🧪-ed
gaps, inconsistencies, controversies, unanswered Qs frm previous studies
results of previous H
untested H
summary of existing approaches to the 📏 of constructs
theoretical support of hypothesis to be tested
how & what to synthesise
definitions
DON'T
list all different def. but DISSECT
clearly indicate how these concepts define study
lists of ATTRIB, factors / criteria
comparative summary
group into higher lvl dimensions
construct/attrib/factors
description of constructs
indicators
sources
opposing viewpoints
clearly explain nature of diffs
which 1 do u support & why?
how to structure
funnel approach
use diagram
define core structure
formal conceptual def for abstract concept
clearly define multidimensional constructs
consistent when using constructs/term
distinguish conceptually diff constructs tht are closely related
use examples
motivation for hypotheses
adequate theory/findings motivate hypothesis
hypothesis justification -->
hypothesis (Ha)
plan headings &
subheadings
writing style
accessible
use familiar terms
evidence for arguments
full sentence & verb
paraphrase
provide overview
building bridges for easier transition
short & concise
6. METHODS
500-1000 words
subsections
sampling
1. target population & unit analysis
justify the academic value
why this specific population?
2. sampling method
description & motivation
description of sampling frame & unit
target sample size
how this was determined?
realised sample size
response rate
No. usable questionnaire that were analysed
3. respondent's demo & Bx profile
data collection
describe how data collection was pre-tested
explain chosen method
:green_cross:reference to instrument include in annex
describe how it's collected
indicate whether incentive is included
time period
measures
describe scale use to 📏
main
constructs
:forbidden:
describe measured demo & grouping var.
description of measurement
📏
scale design
no. scale item & points
scale labels
scoring
ref. of lit source
how adopted scale was changed
indicate reverse scored items
method used to 🧮 total score
internal consistency reliability
comparison of Cronbach's alpha value
7. RESULTS
general guidelines
concise presentation
explain advanced multivariate statistical method
tables for detailed findings,
figures for important results
tables & figures ONLY for important results
Desc. statistics
report & interpret univariate statistics
presented same order as in Qs
appropriateto research objective
be selective when choosing which US to report
:forbidden: SPSS output table
use speculative tone when indicating implication
hypothesis test 🧪
intro paragraph: core issue 🧪-ed
correct formulation of Ho & Ha + lvl of sig.
interpret relevant Desc stats & 📊📈
indicate para & non para sig. test used
indicate assumptions of 🧪 used & discussion of testing process
indicate final choice of statistical 🧪
edited SPSS output table (inc in main body)
APA interpretation
implications of findings
8. DISCUSSION
1000-1500 words
approaches
restate main purpose
restate main contrib.
summarise result
relate findings to lit
explain unexpected findings
discuss implications
highlight limitation & its influence on validity
common limitations
non-prob sampling, :forbidden: generalise to > population
single context, :forbidden: generalised > context
low internal consistent reliability
error/ommision
future research rec.
3. KEYWORDS
max 6-8
after abstract
reflect discipline, sub discipline, theme, research design & context